Operations

Multiplication

Multiplication: Multiplication is the process of repeated addition.

Example:

Count the total number of oranges.

There are 4 oranges in each row. There are 3 rows in total.

So, we add the number 4 three times. We get:

There are total of 12 oranges.

• Multiplication concept:

  We can write the above addition as:

  Number of oranges in each row = 4

  Number of rows = 3

  So,

  

  We get the same answer by addition and multiplication. So, multiplication is the way of adding the same number again and again.

• Ways of writing multiplication:
  1. Horizontal multiplication
  2. Vertical multiplication

  Example:

  
• Terms used in multiplication:

  Multiplicand: The number gets multiplied by another number.

  Multiplier: The number by which another number is multiplied.

  Multiplication sign: ‘×’ is the symbol of multiplication.

  Product: The number obtained after multiplication.

  Example:

  2 × 3 = 6 (Adding the number 2 three times, we get 6)

  It is read as ‘Product of 2 and 3’.

  
• Properties of multiplication:
  1. When we multiply a number by 1, the product is that number itself.

     Why?

     When we multiply a number by 1, we add nothing to it. So, the result will be that number itself.

     Example:

     

     If we write the number 8 only once. So, the addition is 8 only.

     
  2. When we multiply a number by 0, the product is 0.

     Why?

     When we multiply a number by 0, means we have to add that number 0 times, which indicates nothing.

     Example:

     

     We have to write the number 8 zero times. So, the result is the number 0 only.

     
  3. Order: The product will be the same if we change the order of multiplicand and multiplier.

     Example:

     

     If we add 3 objects 4 times, we get:

     

     It is represented as: 3 × 4 = 12

     If we add 4 objects 3 times, we get:

     

     It is represented as: 4 × 3 = 12

     After changing the order of the numbers, we get the same product.

• Multiplication table (2 to 10)

  Every time we cannot add the numbers again and again. So, by multiplication table, we can multiply numbers easily.

  How are multiplication tables created and how can we read them?

  Example:

  Let’s see 2’s table.

  

  How can we solve multiplication problems?

  Example:

  

  Count the 6’s table till four i.e. six fours are?

  

  Example:

  

  Count the 5’s table till seven i.e. five sevens are?