Weather and Seasons

Winter and Summer Season for Class 3 Science

From this concept, the students will learn about the winter and summer season in India.

After reading the concept students will be able to:

Know why do season change on the earth.
Explain how season change influences all the living beings on this earth.
Enlist different summer food.
Mention what types of clothes should we wear in summer
Name various summer festivals in India

Each concept is explained to class 4 students using descriptions, illustrations, and concepts maps. After you go through a concept,assess your learning by solving the two printable worksheets given at the end of the page.

Download the worksheets and check your answers with the worksheet solutions for the concepts of Winter and Summer Season provided in PDF formate

We experience different seasons round the year due to the movement of Earth around the Sun, which is called revolution.
Each season shows a different climate.
A year is divided mainly into four seasons—winter, summer, spring, and monsoon.

What Causes the Seasons to Change?

The Earth rotates on a tilted axis while revolving around the Sun.
The seasons vary based on the positions of the Earth and the Sun.
Seasons are different in different regions of the Earth based on whether they are towards or away from the Sun.
Due to the tilt of the Earth, the sunlight falling on different parts of the Earth varies. Some places receive more while others receive less.

Summer Season in India:

The summer season is the hottest of all four seasons.
It starts in March and ends in July.
We are closest to the Sun in this season.
The summer is marked by longer days and shorter nights.
The weather in summer is hot and humid. There is a considerable difference in temperature during the day and night. Both days and nights are hot.
During the summer, a hot and dry wind called loo blows over some parts of northern India. Exposure to such winds often causes heatstroke.
Some states of India face acute water shortages during the summer season.
The seasonal rivers dry in summers, whereas the perennial rivers like the Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Yamuna have water throughout the year.

Delicacies of Summers:

Different kinds of melons, cucumbers, gourds, mango, papaya, pumpkin, jackfruits, cashew, litchi, blackberry, and palm fruit are available during the summer.
Brinjal, okra, white onion, spinach, and cowpeas are some vegetables grown in the summers.
Regional crops grown in summers are cotton, groundnut, maize, and rice.

Summer Season Clothes:

The summer season witnesses a hot and humid climate, so, white cotton clothes are best during these days.
Hats, caps, and umbrellas are used to avoid the Sun’s heat.
Loose cotton clothes help remain ventilated during high temperatures.
Traditional turbans are also worn in different regions of our country.

Festivals Celebrated in Summer Season:

The summer season is marked by different festivals across India. Some of them are mentioned below—

Festival	State
Gangaur	Rajasthan
Baisakhi	Punjab
Chithirai	Tamil Nadu
Moatsu	Nagaland
Bhumchu	Sikkim

Winter Season in India:

It is the coldest season out of all the four seasons.
Winter starts in November and lasts till February.
The Earth is at the farthest distance from the Sun during winters.
Mountain regions experience snowfalls, and plains are filled with fog due to extremely low temperatures.
The days are shorter, and the nights are longer during winters.
Cold and dry breezes are experienced during this season.
Temperatures drop drastically during the winter nights. Morning is cold and foggy and the temperature is pleasant in the afternoons.
Snow blizzards occur in places like Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, and Himachal Pradesh. Drass region in Kargil, Ladakh, has recorded the lowest temperature of -60ºC.

Delicacies in Winters:

Apple, strawberries, orange, guava, pineapple, pomegranate, grapes, Indian gooseberry, figs, andchiku are some fruits available in winter.
Different vegetables like peas, cauliflower, carrots, mustard, fenugreek leaves, spinach, radish, spring onion, etc., are harvested in the winter.
Some famous dishes enjoyed in winter are til laddoo, makki ki roti, sarso ka saag, muthiya,etc.
Regional crops grown in winter are wheat, barley, mustard, gram, and peas.

Winter Season Clothes:

Woollen clothes are worn in north India during winters. Southern India does not experience extremely low temperatures; hence, normal clothing is enough.
Shawls, mufflers, and scarves are used to prevent extreme cold.
Gloves, mittens, and caps are also frequently used.

Winter Festivals in India:

Many traditional festivals related to the harvest season are celebrated in winter.

Example: Lohri, Magh Bihu, Makar Sankranti, Pongal, etc.

Christmas is celebrated worldwide with great zeal and enthusiasm during winters.

New Words:

Weather: These are the atmospheric conditions of a region at a specific time and place.

Climate: The weather conditions of an area for a prolonged period; the long-term weather pattern of a region.

Humid: High amount of water vapour in the air, which makes the surroundings moist.

Heatstroke: A condition caused by the overheating of our body, usually due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures.

Seasonal and perennial rivers: Rivers that flow only in rainy seasons and remain dry mostly are called seasonal rivers. Rivers in which the water flows throughout the year are called perennial rivers.

Blizzard: An intense and prolonged snowstorm is called a blizzard.

Did You Know?

The longest day on the Earth is 21st June (Summer solstice)
The shortest day of the Earth is 22nd December (Winter solstice)
Many villagers/tribal people practice drying vegetables during summer so those can be used in winter.
Animals found in very cold regions go for a long winter sleep called hibernation. In that period, they are not in an active state and can survive without food or water.