Operations

Addition and Subtraction

Addition

Addition: The process of combining two or more numbers together is called addition.

Sum: The result obtained by addition is called sum.

Addends: The numbers that are added to get the sum are called the addends.

Addition Using Place Value Chart

Step 1: Arrange the numbers in columns according to the place value.

Step 2: Start adding the numbers from the ones place and continue to the left.

Step 3: If the sum is less than 9 then write it below the corresponding place value and if it is more than 9 then write the ones digit below the corresponding place value and carry the tens digit to the next column in the left.

Step 4: Continue the same process.

Example:

Question: Add 2354 and 1732.

Answer: Arrange the addends in columns according to their place value.

Subtraction

Subtraction: The process of finding the difference between the two numbers is called subtraction. The bigger number is subtracted from the smaller number.

Minuend: The bigger number from which the smaller number is subtracted is called minuend.

Subtrahend: The smaller number which is subtracted from the bigger number is called subtrahend.

Difference: The result of subtraction is called difference.

Subtraction Using Place Value Chart

Step 1: Arrange the numbers in columns according to the place value.

Step 2: Start subtracting the number from the ones place and continue to the left.

Step 3: If the minuend is smaller than the subtrahend, then borrow 1 from the digits in the left column.

Step 4: Continue the same process.

Example:

Question: Subtract 1732 from 2354.

Answer: Arrange the numbers in columns according to their place value. Write the minuend first and then the subtrahend below it.

Did you know?

• If 0 is added to any number then the number remain itself.

  Example: 2456 + 0 = 2456

• If 0 is subtracted from any number then the number remain itself.

  Example: 560 – 0 = 560

• If any number is subtracted from 0 then the result is the negative of the number.

  Example: 0 – 40 = -40

Common mistakes:

The place value of the digits is not considered in the calculations.

The correct arrangement is: