Operations
Addition and Subtraction
Addition
Addition: The process of combining two or more numbers together is called addition.
Sum: The result obtained by addition is called sum.
Addends: The numbers that are added to get the sum are called the addends.
Addition Using Place Value Chart
Step 1: Arrange the numbers in columns according to the place value.
Step 2: Start adding the numbers from the ones place and continue to the left.
Step 3: If the sum is less than 9 then write it below the corresponding place value and if it is more than 9 then write the ones digit below the corresponding place value and carry the tens digit to the next column in the left.
Step 4: Continue the same process.
Example:
Question: Add 2354 and 1732.
Answer: Arrange the addends in columns according to their place value.
Subtraction
Subtraction: The process of finding the difference between the two numbers is called subtraction. The bigger number is subtracted from the smaller number.
Minuend: The bigger number from which the smaller number is subtracted is called minuend.
Subtrahend: The smaller number which is subtracted from the bigger number is called subtrahend.
Difference: The result of subtraction is called difference.
Subtraction Using Place Value Chart
Step 1: Arrange the numbers in columns according to the place value.
Step 2: Start subtracting the number from the ones place and continue to the left.
Step 3: If the minuend is smaller than the subtrahend, then borrow 1 from the digits in the left column.
Step 4: Continue the same process.
Example:
Question: Subtract 1732 from 2354.
Answer: Arrange the numbers in columns according to their place value. Write the minuend first and then the subtrahend below it.
Did you know?
- If 0 is added to any number then the number remain itself.
Example: 2456 + 0 = 2456
- If 0 is subtracted from any number then the number remain itself.
Example: 560 – 0 = 560
- If any number is subtracted from 0 then the result is the negative of the number.
Example: 0 – 40 = -40
Common mistakes:
The place value of the digits is not considered in the calculations.
The correct arrangement is: