NCERT EVS Class 4 Chapter 18 – Too Much Water Too Little Water
CBSE Class 4 EVS Chapter 18 enables the kids to understand the difference between dirty water and clean water. The chapter also talks about water as a resource, how to conduct a water survey, different processes of water purification, and diseases caused by drinking dirty water. NCERT Class 4 EVS Chapter 18 also suggests easy ways to tackle water loss in the case of diarrhoea and vomiting.
Download the NCERT Solutions for Too Much Water Too Little Water in PDF
Discuss
The guest said he did not take cold drinks. Why do you think he said this?
I think he did not take cold drinks because these are not good for our health or the guest might be suffering from diabetes in which case he should avoid cold drinks they contain sugar.
How can unclean or dirty water harm our body?
Water that is unclean or dirty contains many disease-causing germs. These germs cause different ailments like diarrhoea, cholera, stomach infections, and skin diseases.
Have you ever got dirty or unclean water in your area? What was the reason for this?
Yes, we got dirty water in our area for a few days last year due to the floods.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Do you know anyone who has fallen sick because of such water? Talk about this.
Yes, my aunt suffered from diarrhoea because she drank unclean water. We had to call the doctor who gave her medicines. Due to this event, we started drinking boiled water at home.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
When the guest came to Suguna’s house, they offered him a cold drink, because they thought he should not drink such water. What do you think Suguna’s family must be doing for their own drinking water?
Suguna’s family must be purifying the water by boiling it or adding alum to it. They might use a water purifier at home to purify the water and make it suitable for drinking.
Read and Write
The water park had a lot of water to play in but the nearby village people did not have water even to drink. Think about it and discuss.
The water park has sufficient water for playing, but the nearby village does not have water even to drink. Such a situation arose because of improper management of water by the local municipal authority. The water park is a private property that has been built to generate profit. So, the water park management authorities pay extra to acquire large amounts of water. On the other hand, the villagers do not have such means.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
If you go to a water park, find out from where the water comes to the park.
I went to a water park called Aqua World in my city. There is a large lake nearby from where they source water to the park.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Have you ever faced a shortage of water in your house? When?
Yes, we had faced a shortage of water last year. Some underground pipes had got damaged, and the repair work took three days to complete. Every household in our locality faced this water crisis.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
What did you do then?
We took water from a nearby pond and used it for different activities apart from drinking as it was not suitable for drinking. So, we had to buy packaged drinking water from the shops for those three days.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Have you ever played in water? Where and when?
Last month I visited an amusement park with my family, which had many water-themed rides. There I played with water.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
What are the reasons for this?
If I play with water outside, I shower after coming back home. My mother says if I take a shower in the evening, I may catch a cold and fall sick.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Have you seen wastage of water in your area? Discuss
Yes, I have seen the wastage of water in my area by people who do not turn off the public water tap after using it. They either forget to do that or are too ignorant about water wastage.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Are there times when you are not allowed to play in water?
My parents do not allow me to play in the water in the evening because they think I might fall sick.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Write in your notebook
Why was Raziya worried when she read the newspaper?
Raziya was worried after reading the newspaper because she got to know that the gutter water had mixed with the water in the drinking water pipes. As a result, people were suffering from diarrhoea and vomiting.
Raziya asked that all the water that was filled the previous day should be thrown. Could this water have been used for something else? What kind of things?
Instead of throwing, the dirty water could be used for cleaning purposes like wiping the floor or washing the car.
In what way did she plan to clean the water?
She planned to clean the water by boiling it properly.
Do you know of different ways to clean the water? Describe them.
Yes, dirty water can be cleaned by boiling, filtering, or adding alum/chlorine.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Suppose, Raziya had not read the news and everyone had drunk the water without boiling it, what could have happened?
If Raziya had not read the news, everyone would have drunk that dirty water without boiling it and eventually suffer from diarrhoea and vomiting.
Discuss
Raziya read news about the water in the newspaper. Have you read any news about water in the newspapers? What kind of news?
A few days back I saw a news report about pollution and the appearance of froth in the Yamuna River. [Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Where Deepak lives, everyone has to stand in a queue to fill water from the common public tap. In Raziya’s house, water comes all day in the tap. Why is this?
Deepak lives in a slum area where water is not available all day and night, and they have to collect water from one common tap. Such basic amenities are not available there. However, Raziya lives in an area in Mumbai where all the basic amenities like the availability of drinking water are present.
Do and Discuss
Look through the newspapers of the last one month. Look for all news-items related to water. Cut them out. Stick all the cuttings together on a big paper to make a big collage. Talk about what you have collected. Discuss in the class.
I have searched the last month’s newspapers and collected two reports related to water issues.
In the collage, the first newspaper cutting is about pollution and the appearance of toxic foam in the Yamuna River. The report says that toxic foam is appearing because of phosphates and surfactants.
The second report is about how excessive rainfall in Chennai has caused floods in many localities in the city. The report says that the city received 46 cm of rain which is 491% more than the normal quota of 8 cm in the city for the period.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Have you ever suffered from diarrhoea and vomiting? How did you feel?
Yes, I have suffered from diarrhoea and vomiting. It was not a good feeling as I felt weak and nauseous. I could not eat properly for quite a few days.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Water Survey in School
Make three groups of students in your class.
- One group will find out about the arrangements of drinking water in the school.
- The second group will find out about the arrangement of toilet in the school.
- The third group will find out about illness affecting children in the class.
The questions given below will help the groups to collect information.
Group 1
Observe and Note –
Put a (
) in right box or boxes
Are the matkas and other water containers cleaned regularly?
Yes, the matkas and water containers are cleaned regularly.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
How is water made safe for drinking?
Cleaning staff at our school add chlorine tablets and alum in the overhead water tanks to make the water safe for drinking. We also have water purifiers at school.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
In your school, from where do you take water to drink?
| Tap | Tank | Handpump | Any other |
| Tap | |
Tank | Handpump | Any other |
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
If there is no tap, matka or handpump, then how do you get drinking water?
If there is no tap, matka or handpump we get drinking water from movable water tankers.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Is there water in all the taps or handpumps?
Yes, water is available in all the taps of our school. We have no handpumps on our school premises.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Is there any tap which is leaking or dripping?
We have six water taps in our school, out of which two are leaking.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Are all the matkas filled with water and are they covered?
Yes, all the matkas are covered properly when they are filled with water.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Is there a long-handled ladle to take water from the matka or container? How many ladles are there per container?
Yes, there are long-handled ladles that help us take water from the containers. We have one ladle per container.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Is the place around the drinking water-taps or matkas cleaned regularly?
Yes, the areas around the drinking water-taps are cleaned regularly.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Where does the water in your school come from?
| Tap | Tank | Handpump | Any other |
| Tap | Tank | |
Handpump | Any other |
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Imagine and Share
Why do the drinking water places get dirty?
The drinking water places get dirty because the students spill water while fetching it, and sometimes, few students wash their hands using that water.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
What can we do to keep these places clean?
We should not spill water while fetching it and avoid washing activities using the drinking water taps.
Find out and write in your notebook
How often (once a day, once in two days, etc.) are the containers or matkas and ladles cleaned? Who cleans them?
Containers, matkas and ladles are cleaned every day. We have the cleaning staff in our school for doing these tasks.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
How many children are there in your school? How many taps, matkas or handpumps are there? Are these sufficient for children?
There are 370 students in my school.
We have twenty drinking water taps and three matkas at our school. I think these are sufficient for us.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Who cleans the places near the water?
Our cleaning staff cleans the places near the water.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Where does the water that is spilt go?
We have drainage pipes that collect the spilled water and direct it to the school garden.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Observe and Note –
Group 2
Observe and Note –
Put in the box and write wherever it is required –
How many toilets are there?
We have three toilets for boys and three toilets for girls on each floor.
Do you wash your hands after using the toilet?
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Are there separate toilets for girls and boys?
| Yes | No |
|
Yes | No |
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Is there water in the toilets?
| Yes | No |
|
Yes | No |
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
What are the toilet arrangements in your school?
| Built toilet | Open area |
| Built toilet | |
Open area |
Where does the water come from?
i.the tap
|
Yes | No |
ii.filled containers
| Yes | |
No |
iii.has to be brought from home
| Yes | |
No |
i.the tap
| Yes | No |
ii.filled containers
| Yes | No |
iii.has to be brought from home
| Yes | No |
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.
Is there water for washing hands near the toilet?
| Yes | No |
|
Yes | No |
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Do you wash your hands after using the toilet?
| Yes | No |
| |
Yes | No |
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Do you wash your hands after using the toilet?
| Yes | No |
| |
Yes | No |
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Are the toilets kept clean?
| Yes | No |
|
|
Yes | No |
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Find out and Write
If there are no taps, who brings the water for the toilet? From where does the water have to be brought?
We have water taps in our school, but if water is not available, our school staff brings water from the hand pumps near our school.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Who keeps the place clean?
The place is kept clean by our cleaning staff.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
How many boys and girls are there in your school?
| Girls | Boys |
| Girls | 120 | Boys | 250 |
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
How many toilets are there for girls, and how many for boys?
| Girls | Boys |
| Girls | 10 | Boys |
10 |
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Talk about it
Have you seen toilets at bus stands or railway stations? How are they different from the toilets at home?
Yes, I have seen toilets at bus stands or railway stations. Many people use them and not all of them have the same sense of cleanliness. So, these public toilets are quite filthy and emit a bad smell. The toilets at our home are cleaner because only the family members use them and all obey the toilet manners.
What can be done to keep the toilets clean?
To keep our toilets clean we have to flush them properly after every use. Toilets need to be cleaned with cleaning liquids and phenyl every day by the cleaning staff.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
What can each of us do for this?
We should flush the toilet after every use and not wet the toilet floors unnecessarily.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Discuss with your teacher what you have found out from your survey. Now make a report with your findings and suggestions. Read your report in the assembly. Put it up on the notice board.
After finishing the survey, I realised that many students suffered from stomach aches. I think we need to check what kind of water we are drinking at school. Out of all those students, nobody brings water from home; they all drink water from the drinking water taps at school. Only one student named Ashiya had jaundice, because I think she drank contaminated water somewhere else, like at her home.
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
Group 3
Talk with the children in your class and fill in the table given below. In the last few months, how many children in the class have suffered from any of these?
| S. No. | Diarrhoea, loose motions | Vomiting | Loose motion & vomiting | Yellow urine, yellow (pale) skin & eyes, mild fever | Stomach ache |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | |||||
| 2. | |||||
| 3. | |||||
| 4. | |||||
| 5. |
| S. No. | Diarrhoea, loose motions | Vomiting | Loose motion & vomiting | Yellow urine, yellow (pale) skin & eyes, mild fever | Stomach ache |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Nilu | Joseph | Shanti | Aashiya | Sangeeta |
| 2. | Priya | Mahima | Paresh | ||
| 3. | Shivesh | ||||
| 4. | Sunita | ||||
| 5. |
[Students should mention their experience based on the above lines.]
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