This concept mainly deals with the rocks and minerals and ores and their types.
After reading the concept, students will be able to:
Each concept is explained to class 5 students using descriptions, illustrations, and concept maps. After you go through a concept, assess your learning by solving the two printable worksheets given at the end of the page.
Download the worksheets and check your answers with the worksheet solutions for the concept of Rocks and Minerals provided in PDF format.
Minerals are inorganic substances formed naturally in the earth and constitute earth’s rocks, sand and soil.
Example: Talc, quartz, feldspar.
Metallic minerals | Non-metallic minerals |
---|---|
The minerals from which metals can be extracted economically. Example : Haematite, Bauxite, Pyrite. Haematite |
The minerals which do not contain any metal component. Example : Diamond, Clay, Mica. Diamond |
Ores:
The metallic minerals that we use in our day-to-day lives do not exist in free forms in nature; rather, they remain in combined forms. Ores are those rocks from which metallic minerals can be mined for economic purposes. In other words, ores are mineral-rich rocks.
Example: Bauxite is an ore of the metal aluminium.
S. no. | Name of ore | Mineral extracted |
---|---|---|
a. | Borax | Sodium |
b. | Bauxite | Aluminium |
c. | Carnalite | Potassium |
d. | Epsom | Magnesium |
e. | Calcite, Gypsum | Calcium |
f. | Cuprite, Pyrite | Copper |
g. | Calamine | Zinc |
h. | Haematite, Magnetite | Iron |
A rock is a naturally occurring solid mass comprising one or more minerals.
Example: Sandstone, shale, basalt, gneiss.
Rocks are classified based on the quality, quantity and arrangement of the minerals.
Inorganic substances: Substances that do not originate from plants and animals.
Lustre: The way how light reflects on the surface of a mineral. It is an important property of minerals.
Fossils: Remains of prehistoric plants and animals that remain embedded in rocks and preserved over millions of years.
Temperature: The degreen of hotness or coldness of a body.
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