NCERT Solutions for Science Class 8 Chapter 12 – Friction
Orchid International School recognizes the captivating nature of scientific discoveries. Within the realm of science, the concept of friction is effectively elucidated in Orchid's NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 12. This chapter serves as a fundamental resource, offering students a strong foundation in the subject matter and providing precise solutions to complex numerical questions.
Friction
Fill in the blanks
1 .Friction opposes the ________ between the surfaces in contact with each other.
2 .Friction depends on the _________ of surfaces.
3 .Friction produces _________.
4 .Sprinkling of powder on the carrom board ________ friction.
5 .Sliding friction is ________ than the static friction.
1 . Motion
2 .Nature
3 .Heat
4 .Reduce
5 .Lesser
Four children were asked to arrange forces due to rolling, static and sliding frictions in a decreasing order. Their arrangements are given below. Choose the correct arrangement.
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rolling, static, sliding
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rolling, sliding, static
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static, sliding, rolling
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sliding, static, rolling
3 . static, sliding, rolling
Static Friction: When we move an object which is at rest.
Sliding Friction: Acts on a body when it is moving.
Rolling Friction: Here the area of contact is smallest when compared to static and sliding friction.
Alida runs her toy car on dry marble floor, wet marble floor, newspaper and towel spread on the floor. The force of friction acting on the car on different surfaces in increasing order will be
a. Wet marble floor, dry marble floor, newspaper and towel.
b. Newspaper, towel, dry marble floor, wet marble floor.
c. Towel, newspaper, dry marble floor, wet marble floor
d. Wet marble floor, dry marble floor, towel, newspaper
(a) Wet marble floor, dry marble floor, newspaper and towel.
Friction will be more if the surface is rough and it will be less if the surface is smooth. Hence, wet marble floor, dry marble floor, newspaper and towel is the correct sequence of these surfaces when arranged according to the increase in the force of friction acting on the car.
Suppose your writing desk is tilted a little. A book kept on it starts sliding down. Show the direction of frictional force acting on it.
When a book slides down a table, frictional force always acts always opposite to the direction of motion and along the incline.
Force of friction will always be parallel to the surfaces in contact.
You spill a bucket of soapy water on a marble floor accidentally. Would it make it easier or more difficult for you to walk on the floor? Why?
It would be difficult to walk on the floor when soapy water falls on the floor then the friction reduces therefore the chances to slip increases, as a result it becomes difficult to walk.
When there is no soapy water then there will be interlocking between the foot and the ground.
When soap water spills the interlocking gets spoilt as a result friction reduces.
Explain why sportsmen use shoes with spikes.
Spikes present on the shoes make the surface of the shoes rough. This increases the friction. As friction increases, the grip on the ground increases. This makes it easier for them to walk or run.
Iqbal has to push a lighter box and Seema has to push a similar heavier box on the same floor. Who will have to apply a larger force and why?
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Friction is directly proportional to mass. Heavier an object more force to be applied to move it.
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Heavier box will press the floor surface harder as compared to the lighter box.
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The two surfaces are pressed harder against each other, so the force required to overcome the interlocking is more in case of the heavier box.
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So Seema has to apply more force as compared to Iqbal.
Explain why sliding friction is less than static friction.
During sliding, contact points do not get enough time to get interlocked properly. Friction forces come into play when irregularities present in the surface of the two objects in contact get interlocked with each other. When an object is in motion, the sliding friction is smaller than the static friction as the interlocking during motion is very small. Thus, sliding friction is less than static friction.
Give examples to show that friction is both a friend and a foe.
Friction is a friend in the below ways:
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It helps us to walk.
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It helps us to hold things.
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It helps in grinding.
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It helps in construction purposes.
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It makes matchstick ignition possible.
Friction as a foe in the below ways:
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It opposes motion.
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It produces a lot of heat which results in wastage of energy.
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It brings about wear and tear of machinery parts.
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It leads to the application of more power in machines.
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It produces noise in the machines.
Explain why objects moving in fluids must have special shapes.
Special shapes experience less fluid friction therefore can move easily through fluids. When an object moves in fluid, fluid friction opposes the motion. So, to reduce the friction between object and fluids, the object is given a special shape known as streamlined shape.
An aeroplane is a good example for this. The air exerts some friction when the aeroplane moves through the air. This will be opposed by the motion of the aeroplane. In order to overcome this friction, the aeroplane has to apply a lot of force. This force is in turn a waste of energy. So, it is necessary to design the shape of the aeroplane in such a way that it experiences less fluid friction.
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