Chemical Formula for chlorine is 

It says that chlorine is a diatomic molecule.

Physical Properties:

Appearance: Chlorine is a yellowish-green gas at normal temperature.

Odor: It has a pungent, sharp smell which also smells like bleach.

Density: ~ 3.2 g/L at STP, thus more dense than air.

Boiling Point: ~ -34.04°C or -29.27°F.

Melting Point: ~ -101.5°C or -150.7°F.

Solubility: Chlorine is partially soluble in water and considerably in organic solvents. The aqueous solubility at 20°C is about 0.7 g/100 mL.

Reactivity: Chlorine is an extremely strong oxidation agent; it reacts violently with all substances - such as metals and organic compounds - nearly with explosive violence.

Chemical properties

Reactivity: Chlorine is highly reactive and, therefore, an excellent oxidizing agent. It readily reacts with metals, nonmetals, and organic compounds.

Formation of Chlorides: Chlorine reacts with metals to form metal chlorides. For example,

Reaction with Water: Chlorine can react with water to form hydrochloric acid and hypochlorous acid 

Disinfection: Chlorine is largely applied as a disinfectant, particularly in water treatment, where it oxidizes bacteria and other pathogens.

Organic Compounds Formation: Chlorine reacts with hydrocarbons to form chlorinated organic compounds through a substitution reaction.

Bleaching Action: Chlorine has a bleaching action wherein it would react with the colored organic compounds and break the structure.

Application

Water Purification: Chlorine disinfects drinking water and sanitizes swimming pools, thereby killing most of the bacteria, viruses, and other organisms.

Bleaching Reagent: It acts as a reagent for bleach in bleaching materials such as in the textile and paper industry to remove color.

Chemical Synthesis: Chlorine is used during the manufacture of many chemicals. These include chlorinated solvents, pesticides, pharmaceutical, and others.

Household and Commercial Sanitizers and Disinfectants: It is used in household disinfectants and commercial sanitizers in controlling germs and maintaining hygiene.

Used as an equipment sanitizer and surface sanitizer in food production to minimize risks in food safety;

Production of Chlorinated Compounds: Chlorine is used in the production of compounds, such as PVC in its many applications, like building materials and packaging materials.

Conclusion

This means that chlorine is a very reactive element, and it finds industrial and health-related applications. Among the uses of the element is a disinfectant in water treatment; it is widely used as a bleaching agent and a precursor for producing other chemical products generally. Because it has this toxicity and poses a risk to some extent about causing environmental hazards, use has to be controlled. Generally, chlorine is a very important chemical that is crucially applied in the field of sanitation, manufacturing, and processes of formation of chemicals. This is an example of utility-to-safety in its applications.

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