Adjective for class 4 English

Concept : Adjective of Quality

Words that describe quality are known as adjectives of quality. It is used to convey the quality of the noun. In this chapter, students will learn the definition, types with examples, and common errors that occur while using these words.

From this learning concept, students will study:

• Types of Adjectives and examples.
• Adjectives of quality definition with examples.
• Adjectives of number definition with examples.
• Sub-types of adjectives of numbers with examples.

All the learning concepts for Class 4 consist of information, concept maps, illustrations, and examples. Students can check their understanding by attempting to solve the two PDF adjective of quality worksheet that consist of grade-specific exercises. The solutions to these are also available in PDF format.

Definition

• An adjective is a part of speech (word) that modifies (describes) a noun .it gives more information about the noun or a pronoun
• adjectives tell what kind, which one and how many

Examples:

• In sentence a) silly word gives more information on Sam which is a noun hence silly is an adjective.
• similarly in b) and c ) the word beautiful describes Mary and huge describes mansion .

Adjectives can be divided in two main categories:

• Adjective of quality
• Adjective of number

1)Adjective of Quality

• Adjective of quality describes or give more information on the quality, kind or degree of the person or thing.
• They are also termed as Descriptive adjectives
• When we use more than one adjective before a noun we put adjectives in a specific order.

1. Opinion- opinion means what are we thinking about something eg., attitude or behaviour.
2. Size-size means how tall or short something is eg. large,big,small,tiny,huge etc.
3. Age –age tells how old is he or she.eg old, young, new, antique.
4. Shape/weight-tells us about the shape of a thing. weight tells the weight of something.
5. Colour-colour tells us the approximate colour of something.eg, red, black, white etc.
6. Origin- origin tells us where something is from.eg Italian, Spanish etc.
7. Pattern-it tells us a design of something.eg., striped, checked etc.
8. Material-it tells us what the thing is made up of? eg, silver, wooden, silk, paper etc.

Examples:

2) Adjective of Number

Adjective of number indicates how many person, things are meant and what order they stand.

Examples:

The adjective of number can be further categorised into definite and indefinite adjectives.

1. Definite numerals

   Definite numeral adjective states exact number or position of people or things.

   Examples:

   
2. Indefinite numerals

   Indefinite numerals adjective is an adjective to describe noun which is not specific. They do not state or mention exact number of things or people.

   Examples:

   

Common Mistakes

Words like some, little, enough, all, any, whole is used for uncountable nouns only.

Examples:

1. I drank a few milk.❌
2. I drank some milk.✅

Concept : Degrees of Comparison

Degrees of Comparison are used to compare the similar qualities common more than two nouns. It shows the nouns being compared that have the highest or least degree of the stated quality. In this chapter, know the degrees of comparison definition and exceptions to follow while using it.
From this learning concept, students will study:

• Positive comparative superlative degree.
• Degrees of comparison rules
• List of positive, comparative, and superlative adjectives.
• Types of degrees of comparison with examples.

All the learning concepts covered in Class 4 have in-depth information, mind maps, illustrations, and examples. Students can solve the two PDF worksheets appended at the end of the chapter. The degrees of comparison exercises with answers pdf are also available in PDF format.

What are the Degrees of Comparison?

• Adjectives used to describe, qualify or modify a noun in comparison with another noun are called as degree of comparison.
• Degree of comparison is used when we compare one thing or person with another.
• There are three degrees of comparison.
  1. Positive degree
  2. Comparative degree
  3. Superlative degree

Examples with Explanation:

a) Rahul is a tall boy.
b) Harish is taller than Rahul
c) Arun is the tallest among them.

• The word ‘tall’ is an adjective to a positive degree. This adjective is in the simplistic form of the adjective in the first sentence it just represents ‘what is Rahul’s height?’. There is no comparison with another person or thing.
• The word ‘taller’ is in the comparative degree. It represents a comparison made between two things or people.
• The word ‘tallest’ is in the superlative degree. The adjective is in the highest form. It represents the highest form of quality.

Rules for Forming of Comparative and Superlative Degrees:

1. The adjective forms in the comparative have the ending–‘er’ to the word.

For a positive degree, the word is created by adding ‘est’.

Examples:

2. If the positive degree of adjective ends with the letter ‘e’, then the letter ‘r’ is added to form the comparative degree and ‘st’ is added to form the superlative degree.

Examples:

3. The letter ‘i’ is added before ‘er’ and ‘est’ for a comparative and superlative degree.

Examples:

4. Spelling comparative: if the positive degree has only one syllable and ends with one consonant, and the consonant is followed by a vowel, this consonant is doubled before adding ‘est’.

Examples:

5. Sometimes adjectives cannot be made into comparative form by changing spelling, so a word is added before the adjective. For adjectives of two syllables or more than two-syllable, add ‘more’ before it to form the comparative and ‘most’ to form the superlative degree of comparison.

Examples:

6. With the change in degree, some adjectives observe the change of word; instead of spelling change, the new words are used.

Examples:

Exceptions:

Spelling changes to a superlative degree: when the letter ‘y’ is followed by a vowel, then the letter ‘y’ does not change to ‘i’ but stays the same.

Examples:

 

Concept : Sounds Words in English

It is important to use sound words in English while writing a story as that helps to engage the readers. In this chapter, students will know the descriptive sounds, usage, and common mistakes that occur while using it.

From this learning concept, students will study:

• Usage of words to describe a sound.
• Sound words examples.
• Some common descriptive sounds related to humans with examples.
• Some common animal sounds in English with examples.
• Some different sound words related to objects with examples.

All the learning concepts covered in Class 4 using mind maps, illustrations, and examples. Students can resolve the two PDF sound worksheets given at the end of the chapter. The solutions to these worksheets are also available in PDF format.

Definition

• Descriptive sounds are words that imitate or suggest the sounds related to them.
• It can be sounds made by humans (spoken or heard) or sounds made by animals.

Examples

 

Uses of Sounds in Text

Many sound words show the sound that the action makes. These words express sounds. These sounds help make the text lively and expressive.

Sound words can be memorized

A) Some Common Descriptive Sounds relating Humans.

In a story, characters express their thought or emotions with words. Sometimes their action also is accompanied by sounds words that tell you more about the current situation of the character.

Examples

B) Sounds Made by Objects

Describing objects in the sounds of objects whether they break, collide, shatter, etc.

Examples:

Sounds Made by Different Animals

Examples:

Common error

Overuse of Descriptive Words

Using too many descriptive sounds can confuse the reader in describing or imagine things.

Examples:

1. The tall young girl opened the attic door which made the door creak open.
2. The tall young girl opened the attic door which made a creaking sound.

 

Concept : Adjective of Number

An adjective of number indicates either the number of nouns or their place or position in a specific order. These adjectives state the number of objects or persons. In this chapter, students will learn the numeral adjective definition, usage, and usual errors that might occur while using them.

In this learning concept, students will learn:

• Types of Numeral Adjectives with examples and explanation.
• Adjective of number examples in sentences.
• Definite numerals and their subtypes with examples and definitions.
• Indefinite Numeral adjective with definition and examples.

All the learning concepts of class 4 have used clear examples, illustrations, and mind maps to make them interesting and easy to grasp. Apart from conceptual details, students can also access the adjective of number worksheets. The solutions to these worksheets are also available in easily downloadable PDF format.

Adjective of Number:

• Adjectives are words that modify or describe nouns or pronouns. Adjectives gives more information on the quantity of a thing, people or animals.
• Adjectives of number are the adjectives which show number of nouns or pronouns including their position or place in a certain order in the sentence.
• These adjectives are also called numeral adjectives.

Types of Numeral Adjectives

Describing the nouns in terms of number is not simple; hence adjectives of number or numeral adjectives are further divided into three types. We will learn more about the two types of adjectives i.e. definite adjectives and indefinite adjectives.

A) Definite Numerals

• Definite numeral adjective states the exact number or position of people or things.
• In other words, these adjectives show the definite amount of something.
• These adjectives are numeral words like first, second, one, two, hundred, etc.
• However, to better understand the usage of these adjectives it has further been divided into: cardinal adjectives and ordinal adjectives.

Examples:

1) Cardinal Adjectives

• The adjectives which show the quantity of persons or things like one, two three, four, etc., are called as cardinals.
• Cardinal or cardinal numerals express number such as one, two, three.
• A quick way to remember, it always answers the question: how many?

Examples:

a) There are three books on the shelf.

b) Riya is 9 years old.

2) Ordinal Adjectives

• Those which shows a serial order in which a person or thing stands as first, second, third, fourth, etc. are called as ordinals.
• Ordinals or ordinal numerals refers to the series of numbers. It answers the question which one in the series? Such as first, second, third.

Examples:

a) John ranked in the first place during the annual sports.

b) She was standing in the queue in the second place.

B) Indefinite Numerals

Indefinite Numeral Adjective is an adjective to describe noun which is not specific. They do not state or mention exact number of things or people.

For example –all, some, enough, none, many, few, severale tc.

Examples:

 

Common Error

While using cardinal and ordinal together, make sure the ordinal precedes the cardinal.

Examples:

a) The five first women will be given the opportunity.❌

b) The first five women will be given the opportunity.✅