NCERT Class 11 Health and Physical Education Chapter 1 Physical Education

Gymnastics include different exercises, without apparatus, and with apparatus. These exercises involve arm, leg, hand and trunk movements as well as performing jumping movements, and maintaining balance. 

It constitutes agility exercises done on various kinds of gymnastic apparatus like, parallel bars, horizontal bar, beam, pommel horse, ring, etc.

 

Differences between games and sports:

Games: It is often considered as an activity played by more than two people combined as a team. There are defined objectives, time, space, rules, and a limited pattern of behaviour, the outcome of which is to determine a winner or loser.

Sports: Sport is a wider term which acts as an institution involving all physical activities, individual skills, governed by a set of rules and often taken competitively.

 

Physical Education is an education which brings improvement in human performance with the help of physical activities. Physical activities range from simple walking to jogging, running, sprinting, hopping, jumping, climbing, throwing, pushing, pulling, kicking, etc.

In ancient India, a sanskrit adage stated that “Sharir Servarth Sambhavo Dehe”. The National plan of physical education (1956) states that, “Physical education should aim at making the child physically, mentally and emotionally fit and developing personal and social qualities which will help to live happily with others and build a good citizen”.

The importance of physical education in daily life:

(i) Optimum development of child’s physical growth.

(ii) Intellectual development.

(iii) Emotional development.

(iv) Social development.

(v) Personal development.

(vi) Character building.

(vii) Physical fitness.

(viii) Development as a disciplined citizen of the country. 

(ix) Neuromuscular development.

(x) Cultural development.

(xi) Developing leadership qualities.

(xii) Healthy and safe environment.

(xiii) Development of national integration.

(xiv) Better international understanding.

 

 Motor Development, Mental Development, Emotional Development, Social Development and Moral Development are the main objectives of physical education.

Below are the four objectives of physical education:

(i) Motor Development: The objective of motor development refers to the neuromuscular relationship of nerve or nerve fibre to the one that connects the central nervous system with muscles. This in turn enables the movement of the body. To enhance the ability of the body to act, react and interact, it is necessary to exercise the muscles and nerves.

(ii) Mental Development: Mental development refers to the ability to think and solve problems effectively. Knowledge received by participating in physical activities about body movement, health, fitness, sanitation, nutrition, disease prevention and others may contribute to an individual’s mental development. A mentally developed person takes wise decisions at the right time and in the right spirit. Mental development objectives deal with a person’s ability to think correctly, act wisely and skillfully in all situations of life.

(iii) Emotional Development: This refers to a psychological situation of body and mind. Emotion is a drive to do something. Emotion covers experiences, such as fear, anger, joy, love, sorrow, etc. It is usually a feeling which has specially become intense. For example, joy means intense pleasure. A child needs to develop confidence, a feeling of belongingness, and eliminate negative feelings through participating in games, sports, yoga, etc.

(iv) Social Development: This objective of physical education refers to the feeling of belongingness, adjustment of group living, social poise, social relationships, and social adjustment. Physical activities provide such opportunities to the children to fulfil basic needs like, recognition, self-respect, belongingness, and love. When these needs are fulfilled, the individual becomes a well-adjusted social person. While participating in physical activities including games and sports, an individual acquires social qualities, such as, cooperation, friendship, courtesy, empathy, team spirit, democratic living, sportspersonship, etc. These qualities are essential for social development.

 

There are a number of misconceptions related to physical education. Some people do not agree that it is a part of the educational process. The fact is that, skill, fitness, performance, and health are parts of physical education. It addresses the educational and developmental values that are the results of participation in physical activities. The participation in these activities develops social or co-operative attitude, good character and a balanced personality. However, when one fails to recognise this holistic approach of physical education, it results in a number of misconceptions. People in the society are either less aware about the advantages of taking part in physical education activities or are left behind with the pace of modern educational system. Thus, it becomes important for all of us to understand what we think and how the modern world is looked at by educated and disciplined people of the society.

Some of the common myths associated with physical education are given below: 

Physical Education:

(i) is all about physical training only.

(ii) is only about the participation in games.

(iii) is about building body.

(iv) is performing drill.

(v) is play.

(vi) has poor social status.

(vii) has no job or career prospects.

(viii) leads to indiscipline.

(ix) is wastage of money only.

(x) has rest periods hence, no physical or mental earning.

(xi) is taken-up by left out group only.

 

There are many job opportunities and open career options with broader choices in Physical Education. A sports career in India, which was considered less lucrative in the past, has now become one of the options for students. Sometimes the students take interest in this profession merely for adventure and a tension free life. Individuals, who demonstrate peak performance in sports and physical education, follow a set of mental processes that allow them to produce excellent results consistently. These performance strategies translate into a specific set of mental skills. By learning these skills, effectiveness and performance can be enhanced.

There are key strategies that lead to high performance in the field of sports—

(i) Through the training of mental practices. 

(ii) Individuals can accelerate their development and improve their performance.

Self confidence is one important key to success. For example, physical education programme helps to boost one’s self confidence. To make a career in physical education, one should start by setting modest goals that are meaningful but attainable.

 

Recreation includes playing, singing, camping, hiking, reading, gardening, dancing, and many more pleasure-giving activities. Through recreation one can regain the lost energy, vigour, and spirit. After hard work one can engage in different kinds of recreational activities for releasing mental stress and get rid of fatigue. 

 

Drill includes different kind of body exercises for developing good posture of standing, walking, fighting, etc., and disciplining the body and mind. In games and sports, drill is the process of repetition of activities done with beats, music, or verbal order.

 

1.9

2.Dynamic.

3.Education

4.exercise

1.True.

2.True.

3.True.

4.True.

5.False.