NCERT Solutions Class 11 Physical Education Chapter-10 Tournaments & Competitions

 Merits:

(i) It decides the true winner.

(ii) Teams play more number of matches.

(iii) It helps in ranking the participating teams.

(iv) The teams need not wait for the completion of other matches or rounds.

Demerits:

(i) It requires a lot of time and facilities.

(ii) Teams that get defeated often will lose interest in the game.

 

There are different types of competitions being organised at International levels.

These competitions are being discussed here:

(i) Ancient Olympic Games: First Ancient Olympic Games were held in 776 B.C. These games were regularly held once in four years. A sequence of 293 Olympics was terminated in 394 A.D. by the Roman Emperor Theodosius.

(ii) Modern or Summer Olympic Games: Baron Pierre de Coubertin was the founder of the Modern Olympic Games. Modern Olympic Games are also held once in four years and were first held in Athens (Greece) in 1896. But during the two world wars, the Olympic Games (i.e., VIth, XIIth and XIIIth Olympiads respectively in the year 1916,1940 and 1944) were not held.

International Olympic Committee is the supreme controlling body of the Modern Olympic Games which was formed in Paris on 25th June 1894 with its headquarter in Lausanne (Switzerland).

(iii) Winter Olympic Games: The Winter Olympic Games started in Chamonix (France) in 1924. Winter sports like Figure Skating, Ice Hockey, Ski Jumping, Speed Skating, Alpine Skiing, Freestyle Skating are included in Winter Olympic Games. In 2018, Winter Olympic Games were held at Pyeongchang (Korea) and 2022 Winter Olympic Games will be held at Beijing (China).

(iv) Paralympic Games: Paralympic Games are the international competitions specially organised for para athletes. In other words, we can say that “These are the special Olympic Games organised for para athletes. Paralympic Games started in Rome (Italy) in 1960.

(v) Commonwealth Games: Melville Marks Robinson was the founder of the Commonwealth games. The First Commonwealth games were held in 1930 in Hamilton (Canada). Since then, the Commonwealth Games have been conducted every four years except for 1942 and 1946 due to World War II. From 1930 to 1950, the games were known as the British Empire Games.

 

 Types of competitions that are being organised in India:

(i) Modern or Summer Olympic Games: India first participated in the Olympic Games in 1900 with Norman Pitchard winning two Silver Medals in 200 m and 200 m hurdles. Indian Men’s Hockey team has won 8 gold medals (six successive gold from 1928–1956, 1964 and 1980), 1 silver medal (1960 Rome Olympic games) and 2 bronze medals (1968, Mexico and 1972, Munich Olympic games).

(ii) Paralympic Games: In Paralympic sports, athletes who participate are grouped into different categories, based on their type of disability such as Physical Impairment, Visual Impairment and Intellectual Disability. In 2016 Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), India won 2 gold medals (Mariyappan Thangavelu in Men’s High Jump and Devendra Jhajharia in Men’s Javelin), 1 silver medal (Deepa Malik in Women’s Shot Put) and 1 bronze medal (Varun Singh Bhati in Men’s High Jump).

(iii) Melville Marks: Robinson was the founder of the Commonwealth games. The First Commonwealth games were held in 1930 in Hamilton (Canada). Since then, the Commonwealth Games have been conducted every four years except for 1942 and 1946 due to World War II.

(iv) Asian Games: The inaugural Asian Games were held in New Delhi, India in 1951. The Asian Games, also known as Asiad are held every four years. 2018 Asian Games were held at Palembang, Jakarta (Indonesia). 2022 Asian Games will be conducted in Hangzhou (China).

(v) National Games: Early National Games termed as Indian Olympic Games started in 1924 at Lahore. The games were held every two years. Indian Olympic Games were renamed as National Games from the IX Games in Bombay in 1940.

 

Paralympic Games are the international competitions specially organised for para atheletes. In other words, we can say that “These are the special Olympic Games organised for para athletes. Paralympic Games started in Rome (Italy) in 1960. In Paralympic sports, athletes who participate are grouped into different categories, based on their type of disability such as Physical Impairment, Visual Impairment and Intellectual Disability. In 2016 Paralympic Games in Reo de Janeiro (Brazil), India won 2 gold medals (Mariyappan Thangavelu in Men’s High Jump and Devendra Jhajharia in Men’s Javelin), 1 silver medal (Deepa Malik in Women’s Shot Put) and 1 bronze medal (Varun Singh Bhati in Men’s High Jump). The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) is the global governing body of the paralympic movement. Its purpose is to organise the summer and winter Paralympic Games and act as the International Federation for ten sports, supervising and coordinating World Championships and other competitions.”

Founded on 22 September, 1989 as a non-profit organisation, it is based in Bonn, Germany and aims to develop sports opportunities for all the people with impairment from the beginner to elite level. Till 2016, the Summer Paralympic Games included 22 sports and 526 medal events, and the Winter Paralympic Games included 5 sports and disciplines and about 72 events. The number and types of events change from one Paralympic Game to another. 

 

1.  A tournament is a competition held among different teams in a particular game or sport according to a fixed schedule where a winner is decided.

2.  Different types of tournaments are—

(i) Knock-out or Elimination Tournament (Single Knockout or Single Elimination).

(ii) Consolation Type I and Type II.

(iii) C Double Knock-out or Double Elimination).

(iv) League or Round Robin Tournament (Single League, and Double League).

(v) Combination Tournament (Knock-out cum Knock-out. 

(vi) Knock-out cum League, League cum Knock-out.

(vii) League cum League). and 

(viii) Challenge Tournament (Ladder, and Pyramid).

3.  School Games Federation of India is the full form of the SGFI Games.

4.  Early National Games termed as Indian Olympic Games started in 1924 at Lahore.

5.  The inaugural Asian Games were held in New Delhi, India in 1951.

6.  Melville Marks Robinson was the founder of the Commonwealth games.

7.  The Winter Olympic Games started in Chamonix (France) in 1924. 

8.  Baron Pierre de Coubertin was the founder of the Modern Olympic Games.

9.  First Ancient Olympic Games were held in 776 B.C.

 

1.  Knock-out tournament is also termed as single-elimination tournament.

2.  In Single Knock-out tournament, total number of matches with 16 teams will be 15.

3.  Staircase Method is a type of league tournament.

4.  Number of byes in Single Elimination Tournament with 29 teams will be 3.

5.  No. of byes in a Single Knock-out Tournament for 51 teams with special seeding for 4 teams will be 13.

6.  Olympic Games were started in 776 B.C.

7.  Paralympic Games were started in 1960.

8.  Commonwealth games were founded by Melville Marks Robinson.

9.  National games in India are held at an interval of two years.

10.  School games in India are organised by School Games Federation of India.

 

1.  True.

2.  True.

3.  False.

4.  False.

5.  False.

6.  True.

7. False.

8.  True.

9.  True.

 Fixture for Single League Tournament with 6 teams:

In single knock out tournament, the teams once defeated, are eliminated and not given another chance to play.

Single Knock out Fixture for 11 Teams:

Fixture of 5 teams for Single League Tournament:

No. of Matches = N(N – 1) 2 = 5(5 – 1) 2 = 10