Making Bills and Totals
In Class 3, you learn to make bills (also called receipts) and calculate totals when buying multiple items. A bill lists the items, their prices, quantities, and the total amount to pay.
Making bills uses multiplication (price × quantity), addition (to find total), and subtraction (to find change). These are essential skills for everyday shopping.
Indian currency uses rupees (₹) and paise (p). ₹1 = 100 paise.
What is Making Bills and Totals - Class 3 Maths (Money (Grade 3))?
A bill is a written record of items purchased, their prices, and the total cost.
Parts of a bill:
| Column | What It Shows |
|---|---|
| Item Name | What was bought |
| Rate (Price) | Price of one item |
| Quantity | How many items |
| Amount | Rate × Quantity |
| Total | Sum of all amounts |
Amount = Rate × Quantity
Total = Sum of all amounts
Change = Money given − Total
Solved Examples
Example 1: Example 1: Simple Bill – Two Items
Question: Ria buys 3 pencils at ₹5 each and 2 erasers at ₹3 each. Make a bill and find the total.
| Item | Rate | Qty | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pencil | ₹5 | 3 | ₹15 |
| Eraser | ₹3 | 2 | ₹6 |
| Total | ₹21 | ||
Answer: Total = ₹21
Example 2: Example 2: Finding Change
Question: Dev buys a notebook for ₹35 and a pen for ₹15. He pays ₹100. How much change does he get?
Think:
- Total = 35 + 15 = ₹50
- Change = 100 − 50 = ₹50
Answer: Dev gets ₹50 change.
Example 3: Example 3: Grocery Bill
Question: Priya's mother buys 2 kg rice at ₹40 per kg, 1 kg sugar at ₹45, and 3 packets of biscuits at ₹20 each. Find the total.
| Item | Rate | Qty | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rice | ₹40/kg | 2 kg | ₹80 |
| Sugar | ₹45/kg | 1 kg | ₹45 |
| Biscuits | ₹20 | 3 | ₹60 |
| Total | ₹185 | ||
Answer: Total = ₹185
Example 4: Example 4: Missing Quantity
Question: Aman buys some pencil boxes at ₹25 each. The total is ₹75. How many pencil boxes did he buy?
Think:
- Total = Rate × Quantity
- 75 = 25 × ?
- ? = 75 ÷ 25 = 3
Answer: Aman bought 3 pencil boxes.
Example 5: Example 5: Tiffin Box Shopping
Question: Aditi buys a tiffin box for ₹120 and a water bottle for ₹85. She pays with a ₹500 note. Find the total cost and change.
Think:
- Total = 120 + 85 = ₹205
- Change = 500 − 205 = ₹295
Answer: Total cost = ₹205, Change = ₹295
Example 6: Example 6: Bill with Rupees and Paise
Question: Kavi buys 2 chocolates at ₹10.50 each and 1 candy at ₹5.25. What is the total?
Think:
- Chocolates: 2 × ₹10.50 = ₹21.00
- Candy: ₹5.25
- Total: 21.00 + 5.25 = ₹26.25
Answer: Total = ₹26.25
Example 7: Example 7: Comparing Two Shopping Lists
Question: Meera spends ₹45 on fruits and ₹65 on vegetables. Neha spends ₹55 on fruits and ₹50 on vegetables. Who spends more?
Think:
- Meera: 45 + 65 = ₹110
- Neha: 55 + 50 = ₹105
- 110 > 105
Answer: Meera spends more, by ₹5.
Example 8: Example 8: Finding Rate per Item
Question: Rahul buys 5 bananas for ₹30. What is the price of each banana?
Think:
- Rate = Total ÷ Quantity
- Rate = 30 ÷ 5 = ₹6
Answer: Each banana costs ₹6.
Example 9: Example 9: Three-Item Bill with Change
Question: Arjun buys 4 samosas at ₹12 each, 2 juices at ₹25 each, and 1 sandwich for ₹30. He pays ₹200. Find the total and change.
| Item | Rate | Qty | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|
| Samosa | ₹12 | 4 | ₹48 |
| Juice | ₹25 | 2 | ₹50 |
| Sandwich | ₹30 | 1 | ₹30 |
| Total | ₹128 | ||
Change = 200 − 128 = ₹72
Answer: Total = ₹128, Change = ₹72
Example 10: Example 10: Budget Problem
Question: Priya has ₹150. She wants to buy 3 books at ₹45 each. Does she have enough money?
Think:
- Cost = 3 × 45 = ₹135
- ₹135 < ₹150 → Yes, she has enough
- Money left = 150 − 135 = ₹15
Answer: Yes, Priya has enough. She will have ₹15 left.
Real-World Applications
Where Do We Make Bills and Totals?
- Shopping: Grocery stores, stationery shops, vegetable markets.
- School canteen: Buying lunch, snacks, and drinks.
- Restaurants: Bills list each dish and the total amount.
- Online shopping: Cart totals show item prices and grand total.
- Pocket money management: Tracking how much you spend and save.
Key Points to Remember
- Amount = Rate × Quantity for each item.
- Total = Sum of all amounts.
- Change = Money paid − Total cost.
- ₹1 = 100 paise.
- Always line up rupees under rupees and paise under paise when adding.
- A bill has columns for item, rate, quantity, and amount.
- Check your bill by adding all the amounts again.
Practice Problems
- Make a bill: 5 pens at ₹8 each and 3 rulers at ₹15 each. Find the total.
- Meera buys 4 mangoes at ₹10 each. She pays ₹50. What is her change?
- A shopkeeper sells 6 packets of chips at ₹20 each. What is the total sale?
- Rahul buys items for ₹78.50 and pays ₹100. How much change does he get?
- Dev buys some pencils at ₹4 each. He spends ₹28. How many pencils did he buy?
- Make a bill for: 2 kg apples at ₹60/kg, 1 kg grapes at ₹80/kg, and 3 bananas at ₹5 each.
- Aditi has ₹200. She buys a bag for ₹125 and a water bottle for ₹55. Does she have enough? How much is left?
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1. What is a bill in maths?
A bill is a written record of items bought, their prices, quantities, and the total cost. It is like a receipt you get at a shop.
Q2. How do you calculate the total of a bill?
Multiply the rate of each item by its quantity to get the amount. Then add all the amounts to get the total.
Q3. How do you find change?
Change = Money paid − Total cost. If you pay ₹100 and the total is ₹72, the change is ₹100 − ₹72 = ₹28.
Q4. What is the difference between rate and amount?
Rate is the price of one item. Amount is the total price for all units of that item (Rate × Quantity).
Q5. How many paise are in ₹1?
₹1 = 100 paise. So ₹5.50 = 5 rupees and 50 paise.
Q6. What if I cannot pay the exact amount?
Pay a larger amount (like a ₹100 or ₹500 note) and the shopkeeper gives you change (money paid minus total cost).
Q7. How do I check if my bill is correct?
Recalculate each amount (rate × quantity) and add them all up. Compare with the total shown on the bill.
Q8. Why is making bills important?
Making bills helps you keep track of spending, check for errors, and manage your money wisely. It also uses multiplication, addition, and subtraction skills.
Q9. Can a bill have rupees and paise?
Yes. When adding amounts with paise, line up the decimal points. For example, ₹12.50 + ₹7.75 = ₹20.25.
