Money Operations (Grade 4)
In everyday life, we add, subtract, multiply, and divide amounts of money. Whether you are buying items at a shop, splitting a bill, or saving pocket money, you need to perform money operations.
In Class 4, you will learn to add and subtract amounts involving rupees and paise, multiply a price by a quantity, and divide money equally. You will also learn to convert between rupees and paise.
What is Money Operations - Class 4 Maths (Money)?
Indian currency uses rupees (₹) and paise (p).
₹1 = 100 paise
Money is written as a decimal: ₹45.75 means 45 rupees and 75 paise.
Four operations with money:
- Addition: Finding the total cost of multiple items.
- Subtraction: Finding change or the difference between amounts.
- Multiplication: Finding the cost of multiple units of the same item.
- Division: Sharing money equally or finding the cost per item.
Money Operations (Grade 4) Formula
Always align the decimal points when adding or subtracting money
Conversions:
- Rupees to paise: Multiply by 100. ₹3.50 = 350 paise.
- Paise to rupees: Divide by 100. 825 paise = ₹8.25.
Solved Examples
Example 1: Example 1: Adding money amounts
Problem: Ria buys a pencil for ₹12.50 and an eraser for ₹8.75. Find the total cost.
Solution:
Step 1: Align decimal points:
₹12.50
+ ₹ 8.75
Step 2: Add paise: 50 + 75 = 125 paise = ₹1.25. Write 25, carry 1.
Step 3: Add rupees: 12 + 8 + 1 = 21
Answer: Total cost = ₹21.25
Example 2: Example 2: Subtracting money (finding change)
Problem: Aman pays ₹50 for a toy costing ₹36.40. How much change does he get?
Solution:
Step 1: ₹50.00 − ₹36.40
Step 2: Paise: 00 − 40 → borrow 1 rupee: 100 − 40 = 60 paise
Step 3: Rupees: 49 − 36 = 13
Answer: Change = ₹13.60
Example 3: Example 3: Multiplying money
Problem: A notebook costs ₹35.50. Priya buys 4 notebooks. Find the total cost.
Solution:
Step 1: ₹35.50 × 4
Step 2: Paise: 50 × 4 = 200 paise = ₹2.00
Step 3: Rupees: 35 × 4 = 140
Step 4: Total: ₹140 + ₹2 = ₹142.00
Answer: Total cost = ₹142.00
Example 4: Example 4: Dividing money equally
Problem: Dev and his 3 friends share a bill of ₹96.80 equally. How much does each person pay?
Solution:
Step 1: 4 people in total (Dev + 3 friends).
Step 2: ₹96.80 ÷ 4
Step 3: 96 ÷ 4 = 24 rupees. 80 ÷ 4 = 20 paise.
Answer: Each person pays ₹24.20.
Example 5: Example 5: Converting paise to rupees
Problem: Meera has 450 paise. Convert to rupees.
Solution:
Step 1: ₹1 = 100 paise.
Step 2: 450 ÷ 100 = 4 rupees and 50 paise = ₹4.50
Answer: 450 paise = ₹4.50
Example 6: Example 6: Adding three items
Problem: Kavi buys a book for ₹125.00, a pen for ₹18.50, and a ruler for ₹6.75. Find the total.
Solution:
Step 1: ₹125.00 + ₹18.50 + ₹6.75
Step 2: Paise: 00 + 50 + 75 = 125 paise = ₹1.25
Step 3: Rupees: 125 + 18 + 6 + 1 = 150
Answer: Total = ₹150.25
Example 7: Example 7: Finding the cost per item
Problem: 6 mangoes cost ₹75.00. Find the cost of 1 mango.
Solution:
Step 1: ₹75.00 ÷ 6 = ₹12.50
Step 2: Check: 6 × ₹12.50 = ₹75.00 ✓
Answer: One mango costs ₹12.50.
Example 8: Example 8: Comparing costs
Problem: Shop A sells a tiffin box for ₹215.50. Shop B sells it for ₹199.75. Which is cheaper and by how much?
Solution:
Step 1: ₹215.50 − ₹199.75
Step 2: Paise: 50 − 75 → borrow: 150 − 75 = 75 paise
Step 3: Rupees: 214 − 199 = 15
Answer: Shop B is cheaper by ₹15.75.
Example 9: Example 9: Mixed operation
Problem: Aditi buys 3 pens at ₹15.25 each and 2 erasers at ₹5.50 each. Find the total amount.
Solution:
Step 1: Pens: 3 × ₹15.25 = ₹45.75
Step 2: Erasers: 2 × ₹5.50 = ₹11.00
Step 3: Total: ₹45.75 + ₹11.00 = ₹56.75
Answer: Total amount = ₹56.75
Example 10: Example 10: Money left after shopping
Problem: Neha has ₹200. She spends ₹87.25 on a book and ₹43.50 on stationery. How much money is left?
Solution:
Step 1: Total spent = ₹87.25 + ₹43.50 = ₹130.75
Step 2: Money left = ₹200.00 − ₹130.75 = ₹69.25
Answer: Neha has ₹69.25 left.
Key Points to Remember
- ₹1 = 100 paise. Money is written as decimals: ₹45.75 = 45 rupees 75 paise.
- Always align decimal points when adding or subtracting money.
- When paise exceed 100 during addition, convert to rupees (carry over).
- When subtracting and paise are not enough, borrow 1 rupee = 100 paise.
- Multiplication: Multiply rupees and paise separately, then combine.
- Division: Divide the total equally. Convert to paise if needed for exact division.
- Always write the ₹ symbol and two decimal places in the answer.
Practice Problems
- Add: ₹45.60 + ₹23.85
- Subtract: ₹100.00 − ₹67.45
- Aman buys 5 pencils at ₹7.50 each. Find the total cost.
- ₹84.60 is divided equally among 3 friends. How much does each get?
- Convert 675 paise to rupees.
- Ria has ₹500. She buys a bag for ₹325.50. How much change does she receive?
- A dozen bananas costs ₹48.00. What is the cost of 1 banana?
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1. How many paise make 1 rupee?
100 paise make 1 rupee. ₹1 = 100 paise.
Q2. How do you add money amounts?
Write the amounts one below the other, aligning the decimal points. Add paise first (if the sum exceeds 100 paise, carry over to rupees), then add the rupees.
Q3. How do you find change after a purchase?
Subtract the cost from the amount paid. For example, if you pay ₹100 for an item costing ₹73.50, the change is ₹100.00 − ₹73.50 = ₹26.50.
Q4. How do you multiply money?
Multiply the amount by the number of items. Multiply paise and rupees separately, then combine. If paise go over 100, convert the excess to rupees.
Q5. How do you divide money equally?
Divide the total rupees first, then divide the remaining paise. If needed, convert rupees to paise (multiply by 100) to divide more easily, then convert back.
Q6. Why should we align decimal points when adding or subtracting money?
Aligning decimal points ensures that rupees are added to rupees and paise to paise. Without alignment, the digits may be added in the wrong columns, giving an incorrect answer.
Q7. How do you convert rupees to paise?
Multiply the rupee amount by 100. For example, ₹5.30 = 5.30 × 100 = 530 paise.
Q8. Is ₹5.5 the same as ₹5.50?
Yes. ₹5.5 and ₹5.50 are the same amount — 5 rupees and 50 paise. Writing ₹5.50 is preferred in money calculations for clarity.
