Odd and Even Numbers (Grade 3)
In Class 3, students extend their understanding of odd and even numbers to 3-digit numbers and beyond. They learn quick rules to identify whether any number is odd or even by looking at the ones digit.
Understanding odd and even numbers helps with division, grouping, and recognising number patterns.
What is Odd and Even Numbers - Class 3 Maths (Numbers)?
An even number can be divided equally into 2 groups with nothing left over. An odd number has 1 left over when divided by 2.
Even numbers end in: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8
Odd numbers end in: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9
Only the ones digit matters -- the hundreds and tens digits do not change whether a number is odd or even.
Types and Properties
Quick rule: Look at the last digit (ones place) of any number.
- If the last digit is 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 → the number is even.
- If the last digit is 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9 → the number is odd.
Properties of odd and even numbers:
- Even + Even = Even (e.g., 4 + 6 = 10)
- Odd + Odd = Even (e.g., 3 + 5 = 8)
- Even + Odd = Odd (e.g., 4 + 3 = 7)
- Even × any number = Even
- Odd × Odd = Odd
Solved Examples
Example 1: Identifying Even or Odd (3-Digit Number)
Question: Is 347 odd or even?
Think:
- Look at the ones digit: 7
- 7 is odd.
Answer: 347 is an odd number.
Example 2: Identifying Even Number
Question: Is 582 odd or even?
Think:
- Ones digit = 2
- 2 is even.
Answer: 582 is an even number.
Example 3: Listing Even Numbers in a Range
Question: List all even numbers between 120 and 130.
Think:
- Check each: 121(odd), 122(even), 123(odd), 124(even), 125(odd), 126(even), 127(odd), 128(even), 129(odd)
Answer: 122, 124, 126, 128.
Example 4: Listing Odd Numbers in a Range
Question: List all odd numbers between 250 and 260.
Think:
- 251, 253, 255, 257, 259
Answer: 251, 253, 255, 257, 259.
Example 5: Adding Even and Odd
Question: Ria adds 24 and 37. Will the answer be odd or even?
Think:
- 24 is even, 37 is odd.
- Even + Odd = Odd
- 24 + 37 = 61 (odd) ✓
Answer: The sum is odd (61).
Example 6: Adding Two Odd Numbers
Question: Aman adds 15 and 23. Is the sum odd or even?
Think:
- 15 is odd, 23 is odd.
- Odd + Odd = Even
- 15 + 23 = 38 (even) ✓
Answer: The sum is even (38).
Example 7: Grouping Problem
Question: Priya has 35 mangoes. Can she divide them equally into 2 baskets?
Think:
- 35 is odd (ones digit = 5).
- Odd numbers cannot be divided equally into 2 groups.
Answer: No, she will have 1 mango left over.
Example 8: Finding the Missing Digit
Question: 46_ is an even number. What digits could go in the blank?
Think:
- The ones digit must be even: 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8
- Possible numbers: 460, 462, 464, 466, 468
Answer: The missing digit could be 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.
Example 9: Consecutive Odd or Even Numbers
Question: Write 4 consecutive even numbers starting from 396.
Think:
- 396, 398, 400, 402
Answer: 396, 398, 400, 402.
Key Points to Remember
- Check the ones digit to determine odd or even.
- Even numbers end in 0, 2, 4, 6, 8. Odd numbers end in 1, 3, 5, 7, 9.
- Even + Even = Even, Odd + Odd = Even, Even + Odd = Odd.
- Even numbers can be divided equally into 2 groups. Odd numbers leave a remainder of 1.
- The smallest even number is 0. The smallest odd number is 1.
- Between any two consecutive even numbers, there is one odd number, and vice versa.
Practice Problems
- Is 674 odd or even?
- Is 895 odd or even?
- List all odd numbers between 500 and 510.
- Add 46 and 58. Is the sum odd or even?
- Dev has 48 stickers. Can he share them equally with 1 friend?
- Write 5 consecutive odd numbers starting from 201.
- 7_4 is an even number. What digits can replace the blank?
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1. What is an even number?
An even number is a number that can be divided by 2 with no remainder. Even numbers end in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8.
Q2. What is an odd number?
An odd number is a number that leaves a remainder of 1 when divided by 2. Odd numbers end in 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9.
Q3. How do you quickly tell if a large number is odd or even?
Look only at the last digit (ones place). If it is 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8, the number is even. If it is 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9, the number is odd.
Q4. Is zero even or odd?
Zero is even. It can be divided by 2 with no remainder: 0 divided by 2 = 0.
Q5. What happens when you add two odd numbers?
The sum of two odd numbers is always even. For example, 7 + 9 = 16 (even).
Q6. What happens when you add an even and an odd number?
The sum of an even and an odd number is always odd. For example, 6 + 5 = 11 (odd).
Q7. Can an odd number be divided equally into 2 groups?
No. When you divide an odd number by 2, there is always 1 left over. For example, 9 divided by 2 = 4 with remainder 1.
Q8. Are odd and even numbers covered in NCERT Class 3?
Yes. Odd and even numbers are part of the Numbers chapter in NCERT Class 3 Maths, extended to 3-digit numbers.
Related Topics
- Odd and Even Numbers (Grade 2)
- Skip Counting (Grade 3)
- 3-Digit Numbers
- Place Value of 3-Digit Numbers
- Expanded Form of 3-Digit Numbers
- Comparing 3-Digit Numbers
- Ordering 3-Digit Numbers
- Numbers up to 1000
- Rounding to Nearest 10 and 100
- Estimation (Grade 3)
- Roman Numerals (I to XX)
- Introduction to 4-Digit Numbers
