Tables and Charts
Tables and charts are ways to organise and display data (information) so that it is easy to read, compare, and understand.
In Class 3, you learn to read data from tables, fill in tables, and answer questions based on the information given. Tables use rows and columns to arrange numbers neatly.
Charts (like tally charts) help you count and record data quickly.
What is Tables and Charts - Class 3 Maths (Data Handling (Grade 3))?
A table arranges data in rows (horizontal) and columns (vertical). Each row usually represents one item or category, and columns show different pieces of information.
A tally chart uses tally marks (| | | | crossing for 5) to count items quickly.
Table = Organised data in rows and columns
Example of a simple table:
| Fruit | Number Sold |
|---|---|
| Mango | 15 |
| Apple | 10 |
| Banana | 20 |
| Orange | 12 |
Types and Properties
Types of Tables and Charts
1. Data Table
A simple table with rows and columns showing numbers or facts.
2. Tally Chart
Uses tally marks to record and count data.
| Colour | Tally | Count |
|---|---|---|
| Red | |||| | | 6 |
| Blue | |||| | 4 |
| Green | |||| ||| | 8 |
Shows how often each item appears. The count column is called frequency.
Solved Examples
Example 1: Example 1: Reading a Table
Question: Use the fruit table above. How many mangoes were sold?
Think:
- Find 'Mango' in the Fruit column
- Read across to the Number Sold column
Answer: 15 mangoes were sold.
Example 2: Example 2: Finding Total from a Table
Question: Using the fruit table, how many fruits were sold in total?
Think:
- Add all: 15 + 10 + 20 + 12 = 57
Answer: 57 fruits were sold in total.
Example 3: Example 3: Comparing Data
Question: Which fruit was sold the most? Which was sold the least?
Think:
- Most: Banana (20)
- Least: Apple (10)
Answer: Banana was sold the most; Apple was sold the least.
Example 4: Example 4: Finding the Difference
Question: How many more bananas were sold than oranges?
Think:
- Bananas = 20, Oranges = 12
- Difference = 20 − 12 = 8
Answer: 8 more bananas were sold than oranges.
Example 5: Example 5: Making a Tally Chart
Question: Aditi's class voted for their favourite sport. Results: Cricket-12, Football-8, Badminton-5, Kabaddi-7. Make a tally chart.
| Sport | Tally | Count |
|---|---|---|
| Cricket | |||| |||| || | 12 |
| Football | |||| ||| | 8 |
| Badminton | |||| | 5 |
| Kabaddi | |||| || | 7 |
Answer: The tally chart is shown above. Cricket is the most popular sport.
Example 6: Example 6: Reading a Class Performance Table
Question:
| Student | Maths | English | Science |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ria | 85 | 78 | 90 |
| Dev | 92 | 88 | 85 |
| Priya | 76 | 90 | 82 |
Who scored the highest in Maths?
Think:
- Ria = 85, Dev = 92, Priya = 76
- 92 is the highest
Answer: Dev scored the highest in Maths with 92 marks.
Example 7: Example 7: Finding the Total for One Student
Question: Using the table above, find Ria's total marks.
Think:
- 85 + 78 + 90 = 253
Answer: Ria's total is 253 marks.
Example 8: Example 8: Word Problem – Ice Cream Stall
Question: An ice cream stall sold: Vanilla-25, Chocolate-30, Strawberry-15, Mango-20. How many ice creams were sold altogether?
Think:
- 25 + 30 + 15 + 20 = 90
Answer: 90 ice creams were sold altogether.
Example 9: Example 9: Filling in a Table
Question: Rahul counted vehicles on a road: Cars-18, Buses-7, Auto-rickshaws-?, Bikes-22. The total is 60. How many auto-rickshaws?
Think:
- 18 + 7 + ? + 22 = 60
- 47 + ? = 60
- ? = 60 − 47 = 13
Answer: There were 13 auto-rickshaws.
Example 10: Example 10: Two-Way Table
Question:
| Boys | Girls | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class 3A | 18 | 22 | 40 |
| Class 3B | 20 | 15 | 35 |
How many girls are there in total?
Think:
- Girls in 3A = 22, Girls in 3B = 15
- Total girls = 22 + 15 = 37
Answer: There are 37 girls in total.
Real-World Applications
Where Do We Use Tables and Charts?
- School: Mark sheets, attendance records, timetables.
- Sports: Cricket scoreboards, medal tallies.
- Weather: Temperature charts, rainfall data.
- Shopping: Price lists, comparison tables.
- Surveys: Counting favourite colours, foods, or sports.
Key Points to Remember
- A table organises data in rows and columns.
- A tally chart uses marks to count items (every 5th mark crosses the previous 4).
- Always read the row and column headings before answering questions.
- To find totals, add the numbers in a row or column.
- To compare, subtract to find the difference.
- Tables make it easy to spot the highest, lowest, and patterns in data.
Practice Problems
- A table shows: Apples-25, Oranges-18, Bananas-30. How many fruits in total?
- Make a tally chart for: Red-9, Blue-6, Green-11, Yellow-4.
- In a class, 15 students chose cricket and 10 chose football. How many more chose cricket?
- A table shows marks for 4 students. Find who has the highest total.
- Fill in: Cars-20, Bikes-?, Buses-8. Total = 45. How many bikes?
- Meera's scores: Maths-88, Science-92, English-75. What is her total?
- A fruit seller sold 12 kg of mangoes, 8 kg of grapes, and 15 kg of bananas. Make a table and find the total kg sold.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1. What is a data table?
A data table is a way of organising information in rows and columns. Each row represents one item, and columns show different facts about that item.
Q2. What is a tally chart?
A tally chart uses tally marks to count data. Each mark represents 1, and every 5th mark is drawn diagonally across the previous 4 (||||) to make counting easier.
Q3. How do I read a table?
First read the title. Then read the row headings (on the left) and column headings (on top). Find the intersection of the row and column you need.
Q4. How do I find the total from a table?
Add up all the numbers in the column or row that you need. For example, if fruits sold are 15, 10, 20, 12, the total is 15 + 10 + 20 + 12 = 57.
Q5. What is frequency?
Frequency is how often something occurs. In a frequency table, the number next to each item shows how many times it appeared.
Q6. Can a table have more than two columns?
Yes. Tables can have many columns showing different information. For example, a student marks table might have columns for Maths, English, Science, and Total.
Q7. How is a table different from a chart?
A table shows data using numbers in rows and columns. A chart shows data visually using pictures (pictograph), bars (bar graph), or tally marks (tally chart).
Q8. Why are tables useful?
Tables make data easy to read, compare, and analyse. You can quickly find the highest, lowest, and total values.
Q9. How do I find a missing value in a table?
If you know the total and all other values, subtract the known values from the total. For example, if total = 50 and known values are 12, 18, 8, then missing = 50 − 12 − 18 − 8 = 12.
