NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 7 – Weather, Climate and Adaptations of Animals to Climate Exercise

Temperature, humidity, rainfall and wind are the elements that determine the weather of a place.

Weather changes frequently but not climate.

Following are the adaptation of elephants in rainforests:

• They use the trunk as the nose to have a strong sense of smell.

• The trunk is also used to pick up food.

• They have modified teeth that tear the bark of trees, which is food for elephants

• The large ears of elephants help them to hear even very soft sounds.

• Ears help elephants to keep cool in the hot and humid climate of the rainforest.

Maximum temperature occurs during day time, afternoon to be precise, whereas minimum temperature occurs early in the morning.

(i) The average weather taken over a long time is called climate.

(ii) A place receives very little rainfall, and the temperature is high throughout the year, the climate of that place will be hot and dry.

(iii) The two regions of the earth with extreme climatic conditions are the polar region and the tropical region.

(a) Jammu and Kashmir: Moderately hot and wet

(b) Kerala: Hot and wet

(c) Rajasthan: Hot and dry

(d) North-east India: Wet

(i) Diets heavy on fruits – Tropical rainforests

(ii) White fur – Polar regions

(iii) Need to migrate – Polar regions

(iv) Loud voice – Tropical rainforests

(v) Sticky pads on feet – Tropical rainforests

(vi) The layer of fat under skin – Polar regions

(vii) Wide and large paws – Polar regions

(viii) Bright colours – Tropical rainforests

(ix) Strong tails – Tropical rainforests

(x) Long and large beak – Tropical rainforests

Animals are adapted to survive in the conditions in which they live. Animals living in a very cold and hot climate must possess special features to protect themselves against extreme cold or heat.

Example: Polar bears have white fur so that they are not easily visible in the snowy white background. It protects them from their predators. It also helps them in catching their prey. To protect them from extreme cold, they have two thick layers of fur. They also have a layer of fat under their skin. In fact, they are so well-insulated that they have to move slowly and often rest to avoid getting overheated.

Similarly, in rainforests, the Red-eyed frog has developed sticky pads on its feet to help it climb the trees on which it lives.

 (iv) tropical rainforests.

(i) A white fur, fat below skin, keen sense of smell.

(i) hot and humid.

Hot and humid temperature and continuous rainfall in the tropical rainforest suit the survival of many animals; hence, the tropical rainforest has a large population of animals.