Seed Germination: Definition, Conditions, Stages

Germination is the process that occurs when a dormant seed meets the conditions it requires to sprout (hatch) into a seedling.

Stages of germination:

1. The seed absorbs water and swells.

2. The seed coat breaks open.

3. The root (called radicle) grows down into the soil.

4. The shoot (called plumule) grows upward.

5. The baby plant starts making its food using sunlight.

Conditions required for germination:

1. Water – Softens the seed coat & activates enzymes.

2. Oxygen – Needed for respiration and energy production.

3. Suitable Temperature – Varies among different species; usually between 20 - 30°C.

Conclusion: Seed germination is the first step in a plant’s life, turning a tiny seed into a growing plant. With the right amount of water, air, and warmth, a seed begins its journey to become a strong, healthy plant.