Algebra Symbols

x

Variable

Represents an unknown or placeholder value in an equation.

≡

Equivalence

Denotes identical or equivalent in value or definition.

≜

Equal by Definition

Represents equal by definition.

≈

Approximately Equal

Indicates an approximation, the values are nearly equal.

∝

Proportional To

Denotes a proportional relationship between quantities.

∞

Lemniscate

Represents infinity or a figure-eight-shaped curve.

<

Less Than

Signifies that one quantity is smaller than another.

≤

Inequality

Means less than or equal to sign

>

Greater Than

Signifies that one quantity is greater than another.

≥ 

Inequality

Means greater than or equal to sign

≪

Much Less Than

Signifies that one quantity is significantly smaller than another.

≫

Much Greater Than

Signifies that one quantity is significantly larger than another.

()

Parentheses

Used for grouping terms or to indicate order of operations.

[]

Brackets

Used for intervals or grouping terms in equations.

{}

Braces

Used for sets or functions.

⌊x⌋

Floor Brackets

Denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to a given number.

⌈x⌉

Ceiling Brackets

Denotes the smallest integer greater than or equal to a given number.

x!

Exclamation Mark

Denotes factorial (product of an integer and all below it).

| x |

Vertical Bars

Represents absolute value or in sets to denote cardinality.

f(x)

Function of x

Denotes a function with 'x' as its input variable.

fog

Function Composition

Represents the composition of two functions 'f' and 'g'.

(a, b)

Open Interval

Represents a range of values including 'a' but not 'b'.

[a, b]

Closed Interval

Represents a range of values including both 'a' and 'b'.

Δ

Delta

Represents change or difference between values.

Δ

Discriminant

In quadratic equations, it represents part of the quadratic formula.

Σ

Sigma

Denotes summation of a sequence of values.

Σ

Sigma (Capital Pi)

Denotes product of a sequence of values.

e

E Constant / Euler's Number

Represents the base of the natural logarithm.

γ

Euler-Mascheroni Constant

Represents the difference between the harmonic series and natural logarithm.

φ

Golden Ratio

Represents the ratio found in mathematics and nature.

π

Pi Constant

Represents the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.