Profit and Loss Questions for Class 5 to 10 with Solutions and Worksheets

Profit and loss shows up every time you buy something - from a shopkeeper pricing items to a sale that says 50% off. Once you understand how it works, the questions become easy.

Everything is organised in one page. Start with the formula table, or jump straight to what you need - class-wise questions for Class 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, Basic Questions, Word Problems, Discount and Marked Price Questions, MCQ Questions, Important Tricks or Mistakes to Avoid.

Table of Contents

• Formulas Table
• Basic Questions
• Intermediate Questions
• Profit and Loss Questions for Class 4
• Profit and Loss Questions for Class 5
• Profit and Loss Questions for Class 6
• Profit and Loss Questions for Class 7
• Profit and Loss Questions for Class 8
• Profit and Loss Questions for Class 9
• Profit and Loss Questions for Class 10
• Word Problems
• Discount and Marked Price Questions
• MCQ Questions
• Practice Worksheets on Profit and Loss - Grade 4 to Grade 10
• 5 Important Tricks
• 3 Mistakes to Avoid
• Conclusion
• Frequently Asked Questions

Formulas Table

What you want to find	Formula
Profit	SP - CP
Loss	CP - SP
Profit %	(Profit / CP) x 100
Loss %	(Loss / CP) x 100
SP when profit % is known	CP x (100 + profit%) / 100
SP when loss % is known	CP x (100 - loss%) / 100
CP when SP and profit % known	SP x 100 / (100 + profit%)
CP when SP and loss % known	SP x 100 / (100 - loss%)
Discount	MP - SP
SP after discount	MP x (100 - discount%) / 100

Note: Profit % and loss % are calculated on cost price - not selling price

Basic Questions

Q1. A pen costs Rs. 20 and is sold for Rs. 25. Find the profit and profit %.

Answer: Profit = SP - CP = 25 - 20 = Rs. 5
Profit % = (5 / 20) x 100 = 25%

Q2. A book bought for Rs. 150 is sold for Rs. 120. Find the loss and loss %.

Answer: Loss = CP - SP = 150 - 120 = Rs. 30
Loss % = (30 / 150) x 100 = 20%

Q3. A shopkeeper buys a bag for Rs. 400 and sells it at 15% profit. Find SP.

SP = CP x (100 + profit%) / 100
SP = 400 x 115 / 100 = Rs. 460

Practice Questions

1. A toy bought for Rs. 80 sells for Rs. 100. Find profit and profit %.
2. A shirt costs Rs. 600 and sells for Rs. 540. Find loss and loss %.
3. CP = Rs. 500, Loss % = 10%. Find SP.
4. A cycle sells for Rs. 1,680 at 12% profit. Find CP.

Read more:

• Class 9 Chapter 6 Measuring Space: Perimeter and Area - MCQs
• Class 10 Chapter 5 Arithmetic Progressions - Free PDF Downloadable Worksheets
  

Intermediate Questions

Q1. By selling a watch for Rs. 1,140, a shopkeeper loses 5%. At what price should he sell it to make a 5% profit?

Answer: CP = SP x 100 / (100 - 5) = 1140 x 100 / 95 = Rs. 1,200
New SP for 5% profit = 1200 x 105 / 100 = Rs. 1,260

Q2. A trader buys 80 oranges for Rs. 160 and sells them at Rs. 3 each. Find profit %.

Answer: CP per orange = 160 / 80 = Rs. 2
SP per orange = Rs. 3
Profit = Rs. 1 per orange
Profit % = (1 / 2) x 100 = 50%

Q3. A man buys two chairs at Rs. 400 each. Sells one at 20% profit and the other at 20% loss. What is the overall result?

Answer: SP of first chair (20% profit) = 400 x 120 / 100 = Rs. 480
SP of second chair (20% loss) = 400 x 80 / 100 = Rs. 320
Total CP = Rs. 800, Total SP = Rs. 800
Overall Result: No Profit, No Loss.

A twist in this question:
If both chairs are sold at the same selling price instead of being bought at the same cost price, the result changes completely. In this case, there is always a net loss.

Practice Questions

1. A mobile sells for Rs. 4,500 at 25% profit. Find CP.
2. SP = Rs. 990, Loss % = 10%. What SP would give 10% profit?
3. Two TVs sold at Rs. 9,900 each - one at 10% profit, one at 10% loss. Find overall profit or loss.

Profit and Loss Questions for Class 4

Simple Questions - Class 4

Q1. Asha bought a doll for Rs. 30 and sold it for Rs. 45. Did she make a profit or a loss? How much?

Answer:
SP = Rs. 45, CP = Rs. 30. Since SP > CP - Profit
Profit = 45 - 30 = Rs. 15

Q2. Ramu bought a book for Rs. 60 and sold it for Rs. 50. Find the loss.

Answer:
CP = Rs. 60, SP = Rs. 50. Since CP > SP - Loss
Loss = 60 - 50 = Rs. 10

Q3. A shopkeeper bought a box of crayons for Rs. 80 and sold it for Rs. 95. Find the profit.

Answer:
Profit = SP - CP = 95 - 80 = Rs. 15

Q4. Mohan bought a kite for Rs. 25 and could only sell it for Rs. 18. Find his loss.

Answer:
Loss = CP - SP = 25 - 18 = Rs. 7

Q5. A vegetable seller bought carrots for Rs. 40 per kg and sold them at Rs. 55 per kg. He sold 5 kg. Find total profit.

Answer:
Profit per kg = 55 - 40 = Rs. 15
Total profit = 15 x 5 = Rs. 75

Profit and Loss Worksheet for Class 4 - Practice Questions

1. A toy was bought for Rs. 55 and sold for Rs. 70. Find the profit.
2. A bag bought for Rs. 200 was sold for Rs. 175. Find the loss.
3. A shop bought 10 pens at Rs. 5 each and sold them at Rs. 8 each. Find total profit.
4. Geeta bought a water bottle for Rs. 90 and sold it for Rs. 75. Profit or loss?
5. SP = Rs. 120, CP = Rs. 100. Find profit.

Profit and Loss Questions for Class 5

Simple Questions

Q1. Ravi bought a pencil box for Rs. 50 and sold it for Rs. 65. Find the profit.

Answer:
CP = Rs. 50, SP = Rs. 65
Since SP > CP - Profit
Profit = SP - CP = 65 - 50 = Rs. 15

Q2. Meena bought a book for Rs. 120 and sold it for Rs. 100. Find the loss.

Answer:
CP = Rs. 120, SP = Rs. 100
Since CP > SP - Loss
Loss = CP - SP = 120 - 100 = Rs. 20

Q3. A shopkeeper bought a toy for Rs. 200 and sold it at 25% profit. Find the selling price.

Answer:
CP = Rs. 200, Profit % = 25%
SP = CP x (100 + 25) / 100 = 200 x 125 / 100 = Rs. 250

Q4. A fruit seller bought oranges for Rs. 300 and sold them for Rs. 270. Find the loss percentage.

Answer:
Loss = 300 - 270 = Rs. 30
Loss % = (30 / 300) x 100 = 10%

CP and SP Questions for Class 5

Q5. SP = Rs. 330, Profit % = 10%. Find CP.

Answer:
CP = SP x 100 / (100 + 10) = 330 x 100 / 110 = Rs. 300

Q6. CP = Rs. 450, Loss % = 20%. Find SP.

Answer:
SP = CP x (100 - 20) / 100 = 450 x 80 / 100 = Rs. 360

Q7. A pen is sold for Rs. 12 at a profit of 20%. Find its cost price.

Answer:
CP = SP x 100 / (100 + 20) = 12 x 100 / 120 = Rs. 10

Profit and Loss Percentage Questions for Class 5

Q8. A shirt was bought for Rs. 400 and sold for Rs. 480. Find the profit percentage.

Answer:
Profit = 480 - 400 = Rs. 80
Profit % = (80 / 400) x 100 = 20%

Q9. Erasers were bought for Rs. 150 and sold for Rs. 120. Find the loss percentage.

Answer:
Loss = 150 - 120 = Rs. 30
Loss % = (30 / 150) x 100 = 20%

Profit and Loss Word Problems for Class 5

Q10. Sunita bought 10 kg of apples at Rs. 40 per kg and sold all of them at Rs. 55 per kg. Find her total profit.

Answer:
Total CP = 10 x 40 = Rs. 400
Total SP = 10 x 55 = Rs. 550
Profit = 550 - 400 = Rs. 150

Q11. Arjun bought a cricket bat for Rs. 500. He spent Rs. 50 on repairs and sold it for Rs. 620. Find profit or loss.

Answer:
Total CP = 500 + 50 = Rs. 550
SP = Rs. 620
Profit = 620 - 550 = Rs. 70

Q12. A shopkeeper bought 50 pens at Rs. 8 each and sold them at Rs. 6 each. Find total loss.

Answer:
Total CP = 50 x 8 = Rs. 400
Total SP = 50 x 6 = Rs. 300
Loss = 400 - 300 = Rs. 100

Profit and Loss Worksheet for Class 5 - Practice Questions

Solve these on your own. Answers are based on formulas from the table above.

1. A bicycle was bought for Rs. 1,200 and sold for Rs. 1,050. Find the loss and loss %.
2. A shopkeeper bought 20 mangoes at Rs. 15 each and sold them at Rs. 18 each. Find total profit.
3. Rahul bought a watch for Rs. 800 and sold it at 15% profit. Find SP.
4. A bag was sold for Rs. 560 at a loss of 20%. Find CP.
5. Priya bought a saree for Rs. 1,500 and sold it for Rs. 1,800. Find profit %.
6. CP = Rs. 640, SP = Rs. 800. Find profit %.
7. SP = Rs. 513, Loss % = 5%. Find CP.
8. A toy costs Rs. 250. It is sold at a 12% profit. Find SP.

Profit and Loss Questions for Class 6

Solved Questions for Class 6

Q1. A shopkeeper bought a watch for Rs. 1,200 and sold it for Rs. 1,500. Find profit and profit %.

Answer:
Profit = 1,500 - 1,200 = Rs. 300
Profit % = (300 / 1,200) x 100 = 25%

Q2. A cycle was bought for Rs. 2,400 and sold at 12.5% loss. Find SP.

Answer:
SP = 2,400 x (100 - 12.5) / 100 = 2,400 x 87.5 / 100 = Rs. 2,100

Q3. A radio was bought for Rs. 800. Rs. 100 was spent on repairs. It was sold for Rs. 990. Find profit %.

Answer:
Total CP = 800 + 100 = Rs. 900
Profit = 990 - 900 = Rs. 90
Profit % = (90 / 900) x 100 = 10%

Q4. A cloth merchant bought 80 metres of cloth at Rs. 45 per metre. He sold 60 metres at Rs. 55 per metre and the remaining at Rs. 40 per metre. Find overall profit or loss.

Answer:
Total CP = 80 x 45 = Rs. 3,600
SP of 60m = 60 x 55 = Rs. 3,300
SP of 20m = 20 x 40 = Rs. 800
Total SP = 3,300 + 800 = Rs. 4,100
Profit = 4,100 - 3,600 = Rs. 500

Profit and Loss Percentage Questions for Class 6

Q5. An article was sold for Rs. 756 at a profit of 8%. Find the cost price.

Answer:
CP = SP x 100 / (100 + 8) = 756 x 100 / 108 = Rs. 700

Q6. A saree was sold at a loss of 15% for Rs. 1,275. Find its cost price.

Answer:
CP = SP x 100 / (100 - 15) = 1,275 x 100 / 85 = Rs. 1,500

Profit and Loss Questions for Class 6 - Practice Worksheet

1. A toy was bought for Rs. 360 and sold for Rs. 270. Find loss %.
2. CP = Rs. 500, Profit % = 12%. Find SP.
3. A dealer bought 100 oranges at Rs. 3 each. 20 went bad. He sold the rest at Rs. 5 each. Find profit or loss.
4. SP = Rs. 880, Profit % = 10%. Find CP.
5. CP = Rs. 1,800. The item is sold at a 5% loss. Find SP.

Profit and Loss Questions for Class 7

Class 7 (CBSE Chapter: Comparing Quantities) introduces marked price, discount, and multi-step problems. These questions for class 7 with solutions follow the NCERT and CBSE pattern.

Basic to Intermediate - Class 7

Q1. By selling a fan for Rs. 1,080, a shopkeeper gains 20%. Find the cost price.

Answer:
CP = SP x 100 / (100 + 20) = 1,080 x 100 / 120 = Rs. 900

Q2. A shopkeeper marks a water bottle at Rs. 250 and gives a 10% discount. Find SP.

Answer:
Discount = 10% of 250 = Rs. 25
SP = 250 - 25 = Rs. 225

Q3. A dealer marks goods 30% above cost price and gives a 10% discount. Find net profit %.

Answer:
Let CP = Rs. 100
MP = Rs. 130
Discount = 10% of 130 = Rs. 13
SP = 130 - 13 = Rs. 117
Profit % = (117 - 100) / 100 x 100 = 17%

Q4. A man buys 5 articles for Rs. 15 and sells 3 for Rs. 11. Find gain or loss %.

Answer:
CP of 1 article = 15 / 5 = Rs. 3
SP of 1 article = 11 / 3 = Rs. 3.67
Since SP > CP - Profit
Profit % = (0.67 / 3) x 100 ≈ 22.2%

CP and SP Questions for Class 7

Q5. SP = Rs. 7,200 and profit % = 20%. Find CP.

Answer:
CP = 7,200 x 100 / 120 = Rs. 6,000

Q6. CP = Rs. 4,500 and loss % = 15%. Find SP.

Answer:
SP = 4,500 x 85 / 100 = Rs. 3,825

Q7. By selling a book for Rs. 132, a man gains 10%. At what price should he sell to gain 20%?

Answer:
CP = 132 x 100 / 110 = Rs. 120
New SP (20% profit) = 120 x 120 / 100 = Rs. 144

Profit and Loss Word Problems for Class 7

Q8. A shopkeeper buys 50 kg of rice at Rs. 20/kg. He sells 30 kg at Rs. 25/kg and the rest at Rs. 18/kg. Find overall profit or loss.

Answer:
Total CP = 50 x 20 = Rs. 1,000
SP of 30 kg = 30 x 25 = Rs. 750
SP of 20 kg = 20 x 18 = Rs. 360
Total SP = Rs. 1,110
Profit = 1,110 - 1,000 = Rs. 110

Q9. A scooter is sold for Rs. 36,000 at a loss of 10%. At what price should it be sold to gain 8%?

Answer:
CP = 36,000 x 100 / 90 = Rs. 40,000
Required SP = 40,000 x 108 / 100 = Rs. 43,200

Q10. A trader buys an item for Rs. 1,200 and marks it 40% above CP. He gives a 15% discount. Find his profit %.

Answer:
MP = 1,200 x 140 / 100 = Rs. 1,680
SP = 1,680 x 85 / 100 = Rs. 1,428
Profit = 1,428 - 1,200 = Rs. 228
Profit % = (228 / 1,200) x 100 = 19%

Profit and Loss Questions for Class 7 - Practice Worksheet

1. A TV was bought for Rs. 12,000 and sold for Rs. 14,400. Find profit %.
2. SP = Rs. 850, Loss % = 15%. Find CP.
3. A shopkeeper marks an article 40% above CP and gives a 15% discount. Find net profit %.
4. A man bought 200 eggs at Rs. 5 each. 10 broke. He sold the rest at Rs. 7 each. Find profit or loss.
5. SP = Rs. 1,260 at 5% profit. Find CP. At what price should it be sold to earn 15% profit?

Profit and Loss Questions for Class 8

Class 8 (CBSE Chapter: Comparing Quantities) covers advanced concepts - VAT, successive discounts, and dishonest trader problems. These questions for class 8 with solutions are based on NCERT examples and exam patterns.

Solved Questions - Class 8

Q1. A washing machine is marked at Rs. 15,000. The shopkeeper gives a 12% discount. Find SP.

Answer:
Discount = 12% of 15,000 = Rs. 1,800
SP = 15,000 - 1,800 = Rs. 13,200

Q2. A trader allows 20% discount on MP and still gains 12.5%. If CP = Rs. 800, find MP.

Answer:
SP = 800 x 112.5 / 100 = Rs. 900
SP = MP x 80 / 100
MP = 900 x 100 / 80 = Rs. 1,125

Q3. A man buys two articles at Rs. 1,200 each. He sells one at 15% profit and the other at 15% loss. Find overall result.

Answer:
SP of 1st = 1,200 x 115 / 100 = Rs. 1,380
SP of 2nd = 1,200 x 85 / 100 = Rs. 1,020
Total SP = Rs. 2,400 = Total CP
No Profit, No Loss

Q4. A dishonest shopkeeper sells goods at 10% profit but uses a weight that is 800g instead of 1 kg. Find actual profit %.

Answer:
Actual CP for 800g = Rs. 80 (if 1 kg costs Rs. 100)
He claims to sell 1 kg and charges 10% profit - SP = Rs. 110
Actual Profit = 110 - 80 = Rs. 30
Actual Profit % = (30 / 80) x 100 = 37.5%

Q5. Rohan bought a laptop for Rs. 40,000 and spent Rs. 2,000 on repair. He sold it for Rs. 48,000. Find profit %.

Answer:
Total CP = 40,000 + 2,000 = Rs. 42,000
Profit = 48,000 - 42,000 = Rs. 6,000
Profit % = (6,000 / 42,000) x 100 ≈ 14.3%

Q6. An article is marked 50% above CP. A 20% discount is given. Find profit %.

Answer:
Let CP = Rs. 100, MP = Rs. 150
SP = 150 x 80 / 100 = Rs. 120
Profit % = (120 - 100) / 100 x 100 = 20%

Profit and Loss Questions for Class 8 - Practice Worksheet

1. By selling a phone for Rs. 19,200, a dealer gains 20%. Find CP.
2. Two articles are sold at Rs. 990 each - one at 10% profit, one at 10% loss. Find net profit or loss.
3. A chair sells for Rs. 1,080 at 20% profit. At what price should it sell to gain 35%?
4. MP = Rs. 2,000, Discount = 15%, CP = Rs. 1,500. Find profit %.
5. A shopkeeper buys goods for Rs. 1,200 and marks them at Rs. 1,800. He gives a 25% discount. Find profit or loss %.

Profit and Loss Questions for Class 9

Solved Questions - Class 9

Q1. A man buys an old car for Rs. 1,20,000 and spends Rs. 15,000 on repairs. He sells it for Rs. 1,60,000. Find his profit %.

Answer:
Total CP = 1,20,000 + 15,000 = Rs. 1,35,000
Profit = 1,60,000 - 1,35,000 = Rs. 25,000
Profit % = (25,000 / 1,35,000) x 100 = 18.5%

Q2. A shopkeeper marks goods at 40% above cost price and allows a 25% discount. Find his profit or loss %.

Answer:
Let CP = Rs. 100, MP = Rs. 140
Discount = 25% of 140 = Rs. 35
SP = 140 - 35 = Rs. 105
Profit % = (105 - 100) / 100 x 100 = 5%

Q3. Two successive discounts of 20% and 10% are offered on an article marked at Rs. 5,000. Find SP and total discount %.

Answer:
After 20%: 5,000 x 80 / 100 = Rs. 4,000
After 10%: 4,000 x 90 / 100 = Rs. 3,600
Total discount = 5,000 - 3,600 = Rs. 1,400
Discount % = (1,400 / 5,000) x 100 = 28% (not 30% - discounts are not additive)

Q4. By selling 90 pens, a trader gains the SP of 10 pens. Find the profit %.

Answer:
Let SP of 1 pen = Re. 1
SP of 90 pens = Rs. 90
Profit = SP of 10 pens = Rs. 10
CP = SP - Profit = 90 - 10 = Rs. 80
Profit % = (10 / 80) x 100 = 12.5%

Q5. A sells to B at 10% profit. B sells to C at 10% profit. If C pays Rs. 1,210, what did A pay?

Answer:
Let A's CP = Rs. x
B's CP (A's SP) = x x 110/100
C's CP (B's SP) = x x 110/100 x 110/100 = 1.21x = Rs. 1,210
x = 1,210 / 1.21 = Rs. 1,000

Class 9 - Practice Questions

1. A trader marks goods 35% above CP and allows a 20% discount. Find profit %.
2. By selling 8 articles for Rs. 9, a man gains the SP of 1 article. Find profit %.
3. SP = Rs. 4,500, Profit = 12.5%. Find CP. At what price should it be sold to earn 20%?
4. A man sells two horses at Rs. 19,800 each - one at 10% profit, one at 10% loss. Find net result.

Profit and Loss Questions for Class 10

Solved Questions - Class 10

Q1. A shopkeeper allows a 10% discount on the marked price and still makes a 20% profit on the cost price. If the marked price is Rs. 660, find the cost price.

Answer:
SP = MP x (100 - 10) / 100 = 660 x 90 / 100 = Rs. 594
SP = CP x (100 + 20) / 100 - CP = SP x 100 / 120 = 594 x 100 / 120 = Rs. 495

Q2. A man buys goods worth Rs. 6,000 and sells at a loss of 10%. With the proceeds, he buys another lot and sells at a gain of 20%. Find his overall profit or loss.

Answer:
SP of 1st lot = 6,000 x 90 / 100 = Rs. 5,400 - this becomes CP of 2nd lot
SP of 2nd lot = 5,400 x 120 / 100 = Rs. 6,480
Overall Profit = 6,480 - 6,000 = Rs. 480 (8% profit on original investment)

Q3. A manufacturer sells to a wholesaler at 20% profit. Wholesaler sells to a retailer at 15% profit. Retailer sells to a customer at 10% profit. If the customer pays Rs. 3,036, what did the manufacturer spend to produce it?

Answer:
Let manufacturer's CP = Rs. x
Wholesaler's CP = 1.2x
Retailer's CP = 1.2x x 1.15 = 1.38x
Customer's price = 1.38x x 1.10 = 1.518x = Rs. 3,036
x = 3,036 / 1.518 = Rs. 2,000

Q4. After giving two successive discounts of 20% each on the marked price, a TV is sold for Rs. 25,600. Find the marked price.

Answer:
Let MP = Rs. x
After 1st discount (20%): x x 0.8
After 2nd discount (20%): x x 0.8 x 0.8 = 0.64x = 25,600
MP = 25,600 / 0.64 = Rs. 40,000

Q5. A dealer buys a wristwatch for Rs. 225 and spends Rs. 15 on its repair. He sells it for Rs. 300. Find his profit %.

Answer:
Total CP = 225 + 15 = Rs. 240
Profit = 300 - 240 = Rs. 60
Profit % = (60 / 240) x 100 = 25%

Class 10 - Practice Questions

1. A shopkeeper marks an article 30% above CP and allows a 10% discount. Find actual profit %.
2. MP = Rs. 1,200. Two successive discounts of 15% and 10%. Find SP and effective discount %.
3. Goods worth Rs. 10,000 sold at 5% loss. Proceeds used to buy new goods sold at 15% profit. Find overall profit or loss on the original Rs. 10,000.
4. CP = Rs. 800, three successive profits of 10%, 20%, and 25%. Find final SP.

Word Problems

Q1. A farmer buys a cow for Rs. 8,000 and spends Rs. 2,000 on feed and transport. He sells it for Rs. 12,000. Find profit %.

Answer:
Total CP = 8,000 + 2,000 = Rs. 10,000
Profit = 12,000 - 10,000 = Rs. 2,000
Profit % = (2,000 / 10,000) x 100 = 20%

Q2. A shopkeeper marks goods 25% above cost price and gives a 10% discount. Find his actual profit %.

Answer:
CP = Rs. 100 (assumed)
MP = Rs. 125
Discount = 10% of 125 = Rs. 12.50
SP = Rs. 112.50
Profit % = 12.5%

Q3. A mobile is marked at Rs. 15,000. Two successive discounts - 10% first, then 5%. Find the final SP.

Answer:
After 10%: 15,000 x 90 / 100 = Rs. 13,500
After 5%: 13,500 x 95 / 100 = Rs. 12,825
Final SP = Rs. 12,825

Why not just add 10% + 5%? Because the 5% is on Rs. 13,500 - not on Rs. 15,000. The base price keeps changing. Adding them gives 15%, which is wrong. The correct net discount is 14.5%.

Practice Questions

1. Shopkeeper buys rice at Rs. 30/kg, sells at Rs. 36/kg, sells 50 kg. Find total profit and profit %.
2. Riya buys a saree for Rs. 1,200 and sells at 15% loss. Find SP.
3. Trader marks item at Rs. 2,000, gives 15% discount. CP = Rs. 1,500. Find profit %.
   
   

Discount and Marked Price Questions

Term	Meaning
Cost Price (CP)	What the shopkeeper paid to buy the item
Marked Price (MP)	Price printed on the label or tag
Discount	Amount taken off the marked price
Selling Price (SP)	What the customer actually pays
Formula	SP = MP x (100 - discount%) / 100

Q1. A jacket marked at Rs. 2,500 is sold at 20% discount. Find SP.

Answer: SP = 2,500 x 80 / 100 = Rs. 2,000

Q2. A shopkeeper gives a 10% discount and still earns 8% profit. CP = Rs. 500. Find marked price.

Answer:
SP = 500 x 108 / 100 = Rs. 540
MP = 540 x 100 / 90 = Rs. 600

Q3. An item has MP = Rs. 1,800. Two successive discounts - 10% and 15%. Find final SP.

Answer:
After 10%: 1,800 x 90 / 100 = Rs. 1,620
After 15%: 1,620 x 85 / 100 = Rs. 1,377

Practice Questions

1. MP = Rs. 800, Discount = 12.5%. Find SP.
2. Item sold for Rs. 918 after 15% discount. Find MP.
3. MP = Rs. 1,200, CP = Rs. 900, Discount = 10%. Find profit %.
   
   

MCQ Questions

Q1. CP = Rs. 200, SP = Rs. 250. Profit %?

(a) 20%   (b) 25%   (c) 15%   (d) 30%

Q2. CP = Rs. 400, Loss % = 15%. Find SP.

(a) Rs. 340   (b) Rs. 360   (c) Rs. 380   (d) Rs. 320

Q3. SP = Rs. 990 at 10% profit. Find CP.

(a) Rs. 880   (b) Rs. 900   (c) Rs. 920   (d) Rs. 950

Q4. MP = Rs. 1,500, Discount = 20%. Find SP.

(a) Rs. 1,100   (b) Rs. 1,200   (c) Rs. 1,250   (d) Rs. 1,300

Q5. Successive discounts of 10% and 20% on MP = Rs. 1,000. Final SP?

(a) Rs. 700   (b) Rs. 720   (c) Rs. 750   (d) Rs. 800

MCQ Answers: Q1 - (b) 25%
Q2 - (a) Rs. 340
Q3 - (b) Rs. 900
Q4 - (b) Rs. 1,200
Q5 - (b) Rs. 720

Practice Worksheets on Profit and Loss from Class 4 - Class 10

• Class 4 Profit and Loss Worksheet
  
  
• Class 5 Profit and Loss Worksheet
  
  
• Class 6 Profit and Loss Worksheet
  
  
• Class 7 Profit and Loss Worksheet
  
  
• Class 8 Profit and Loss Worksheet
  
  
• Class 9 Profit and Loss Worksheet
  
  
• Class 10 Profit and Loss Worksheet
  
  

5 Important Tricks

• SP from CP: Multiply CP by (100 +/- x%) / 100. Add for profit, subtract for loss.
• CP from SP: Multiply SP by 100 / (100 +/- x%).
• Successive discounts: Net % = a + b - (ab / 100). Two 10% discounts give 19%, not 20%.
• Equal SP, same +/-% : Always a net loss. Loss % = x² / 100.
• False weight: Profit % = (true weight - false weight) / false weight x 100.

3 Mistakes to Avoid

1. Calculating profit % on SP instead of CP.
2. Adding successive discounts together. If discounts are 20% and 10%, the answer is not 30%. It is 28%. Use a + b - (ab/100) or apply them one at a time.
3. There is always a net loss when equal profit and loss percentages are applied on equal selling prices. Loss % = x² / 100.

Conclusion

This page covers everything you need to tackle profit and loss questions with confidence - from basic Class 5 questions to advanced Class 10 problems with discount and marked price. Keep practising!

Frequently Asked Questions On Profit and Loss Questions

1. What is a profit and a loss?

Answer: Profit occurs when the Selling Price (SP) of an item is greater than its Cost Price (CP).
Loss occurs when the Cost Price is greater than the Selling Price.

• Profit = Selling Price - Cost Price
• Loss = Cost Price - Selling Price

2. What is the formula for profit and loss?

Answer:

• Profit = Selling Price - Cost Price
• Loss = Cost Price - Selling Price
• Profit % = (Profit / Cost Price) x 100
• Loss % = (Loss / Cost Price) x 100

3. What does P&L mean?

Answer: P&L stands for Profit and Loss. In business, it describes a Profit and Loss Statement - a financial report that shows whether a company made a profit or a loss during a specific period.

4. How to calculate loss of profit?

Answer:

• Loss of Profit = Expected Profit - Actual Profit
• If the item was not sold: Loss of Profit = Expected Selling Price - Cost Price

5. How to calculate losses?

Answer:
Loss = Cost Price - Selling Price
Loss % = (Loss / Cost Price) x 100

6. What is the profit and loss formula for Class 5?

Answer:
For Class 5, the key formulas are:
Profit = SP - CP (when SP is greater)
Loss = CP - SP (when CP is greater)
Profit % = (Profit / CP) x 100
Loss % = (Loss / CP) x 100
These are the same formulas used from Class 5 through Class 8. The difference is in the complexity of the problems, not the formulas.

7. How do you find CP from SP when profit % is given?

Answer:
Use: CP = SP x 100 / (100 + Profit %)
Example: SP = Rs. 660, Profit % = 10%
CP = 660 x 100 / 110 = Rs. 600

8. How do you find SP from CP when profit % is given?

Answer:
Use: SP = CP x (100 + Profit %) / 100
Example: CP = Rs. 500, Profit % = 20%
SP = 500 x 120 / 100 = Rs. 600

9. What is the profit and loss formula for Class 7?

Answer: Class 7 (CBSE Chapter 8 - Comparing Quantities) uses the same core formulas but adds marked price and discount:
SP = MP x (100 - Discount %) / 100
Net Profit % when marking up and discounting: use assumed CP = 100, calculate MP and then SP after discount.

10. Why is profit % always calculated on CP and not SP?

Answer: CP is the base investment - it is the amount you actually spent. Profit % on CP tells you the return on your investment. If profit % were calculated on SP, the percentage would always be smaller and would not accurately reflect how much you gained relative to what you put in. This is a standard convention in all textbooks from Class 5 to Class 10.

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