Understanding Multiplication for Class 3 Step by Step Guide

Multiplication for Class 3 helps students understand how to add equal groups in a simple and faster way. It includes learning multiplication tables, basic facts, and small word problems. With regular practice, children can build a strong foundation in maths and solve sums more confidently. 

Table of Contents

• What is Multiplication?
• Multiplication Symbol
• Parts of Multiplication
• Multiplication as Repeated Addition
• Multiplication Tables (Times Tables)
• Multiplication by 10, 100
• Multiplication Grid (Table Chart)
• Solved Examples on Multiplication for Class 3
• Practice Questions on Multiplication for Class 3
• Word Problems on Multiplication for Class 3

What is Multiplication?

Multiplication means adding the same number multiple times.

When you multiply, you're making groups of equal size and counting everything together.

Example:

3 groups of 4 apples = 4 + 4 + 4 = 12 apples

This is the same as 3 × 4 = 12

Multiplication Symbol

The multiplication sign looks like this: ×

We read it as "times" or "multiplied by"

Examples:

• 2 × 3 means "2 times 3"

• 5 × 4 means "5 times 4"

• 6 × 7 means "6 times 7"

Parts of Multiplication

When we write a multiplication sum, it has special parts:

5  ×  3  =  15

↑     ↑      ↑

First  Second  Product

number number

(Multiplicand) (Multiplier)

• Multiplicand - The first number (how many in each group)
• Multiplier - The second number (how many groups)
• Product - The answer you get after multiplying

Example:

4 × 6 = 24

Multiplicand = 4

Multiplier = 6

Product = 24

Multiplication as Repeated Addition

Let's understand multiplication through addition:

Example 1:

2 × 5 = 5 + 5 = 10

(2 times 5 means add 5 two times)

Example 2:

3 × 4 = 4 + 4 + 4 = 12

(3 times 4 means add 4 three times)

Example 3:

5 × 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 10

(5 times 2 means add 2 five times)

Multiplication Tables (Times Tables)

Learning multiplication tables is the most important part of Class 3 Maths. Once you know your tables, solving problems becomes super easy!

Table of 1:

Multiplying any number by 1 gives the same number!

1 × 1 = 1

1 × 2 = 2

1 × 3 = 3

1 × 4 = 4

1 × 5 = 5

1 × 6 = 6

1 × 7 = 7

1 × 8 = 8

1 × 9 = 9

1 × 10 = 10

Anything times 1 stays the same!

Table of 2: 

2 × 1 = 2

2 × 2 = 4

2 × 3 = 6

2 × 4 = 8

2 × 5 = 10

2 × 6 = 12

2 × 7 = 14

2 × 8 = 16

2 × 9 = 18

2 × 10 = 20

The table of 2 gives even numbers. Just count by 2s!

Also Read: 

• Tables 1 To 10

• Tables 11 To 20

• Tables 31 To 40

Multiplication by 10, 100

Multiplying by 10:

When you multiply any number by 10, just add one zero at the end!

Examples:

5 × 10 = 50

12 × 10 = 120

25 × 10 = 250

Multiplying by 100:

When you multiply any number by 100, add two zeros at the end!

Examples:

5 × 100 = 500

12 × 100 = 1200

25 × 100 = 2500

Table of Multiplication by 10, 100

Multiplication Grid (Table Chart)

This chart shows answers for all multiplications from 1 to 10.

How to use this chart: Find 6 × 7: Look at row 6 and column 7. The answer is 42.

Solved Examples On Multiplication for Class 3

Example 1: Simple Multiplication

Question: What is 4 × 6?

Solution:

Method 1 - Using repeated addition:

4 × 6 = 6 + 6 + 6 + 6

     = 12 + 12

     = 24

Method 2 - Using table:

4 × 6 = 24 (from table of 4)

Answer: 4 × 6 = 24

Example 2: Word Problem

Question: Riya has 5 baskets. Each basket has 8 oranges. How many oranges altogether?

Solution:

Number of baskets = 5

Oranges in each basket = 8

Total oranges = 5 × 8 = 40

Answer: Riya has 40 oranges altogether.

Example 3: Zero Property

Question: A farmer has 9 fields. He plants 0 seeds in each field. How many seeds altogether?

Solution:

Fields = 9

Seeds in each = 0

Total = 9 × 0 = 0

Answer: The farmer plants 0 seeds altogether.

Example 4: Commutative Property

Question: Show that 6 × 7 = 7 × 6.

Solution:

6 × 7 = 42 (from table of 6)

7 × 6 = 42 (from table of 7)

6 × 7 = 7 × 6 = 42

Answer: Both give 42, proving multiplication order doesn't matter!

Example 5: 2-digit Multiplication

Question: Multiply 32 × 3.

Solution:

Step 1: Multiply ones place

2 × 3 = 6

Step 2: Multiply tens place

3 × 3 = 9

Step 3: Write together

32 × 3 = 96

Answer: 32 × 3 = 96

Practice Questions on Multiplication for Class 3

Fill in the Blanks

1. 3 × 4 = ___

2. 6 × 5 = ___

3. 8 × 3 = ___

4. 7 × 7 = ___

5. 9 × 6 = ___

6. ___ × 4 = 20

7. 5 × ___ = 45

8. ___ × 8 = 56

9. 10 × 7 = ___

10. 6 × ___ = 54

Word Problems on Multiplication for Class 3

Question 11: A bookshelf has 6 rows. Each row has 8 books. How many books are there in total?

Question 12: There are 5 children. Each child has 7 crayons. How many crayons altogether?

Question 13: A classroom has 9 rows of desks. Each row has 4 desks. How many desks are in the classroom?

Question 14: Mango tree has 6 branches. Each branch has 9 mangoes. How many mangoes are on the tree?

Question 15: A shop sells pens in bundles of 8. If Rahul buys 6 bundles, how many pens does he get?

True or False

Question 16: 4 × 5 = 5 × 4 (True / False)

Question 17: 7 × 0 = 7 (True / False)

Question 18: 6 × 1 = 6 (True / False)

Question 19: 3 × 8 = 8 × 3 (True / False)

Question 20: 9 × 0 = 9 (True / False)

2-Digit Multiplication:

Question 21: 21 × 4 = ___

Question 22: 33 × 3 = ___

Question 23: 14 × 5 = ___

Question 24: 22 × 4 = ___

Question 25: 13 × 6 = ___